ABO Ocular Disease & Pathology 2

Question 1

A patient with long-standing hypertension presents with bilateral disc edema, flame-shaped hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots. Which grade of Keith-Wagener-Barker hypertensive retinopathy does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Grade III

Answer

Grade III hypertensive retinopathy includes flame hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and hard exudates along with AV nicking.

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common cause of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)?

Accepted Answer

Embolism from carotid atherosclerosis

Answer

Emboli from carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques are the most frequent cause of CRAO.

Question 3

A 45-year-old presents with a sudden, painful red eye, corneal edema, mid-dilated non-reactive pupil, and IOP of 58 mmHg. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

Answer

Acute angle-closure glaucoma presents with a painful red eye, corneal edema, mid-dilated pupil, and markedly elevated IOP.

Question 4

Lattice degeneration of the peripheral retina is most strongly associated with which refractive condition?

Accepted Answer

Myopia

Answer

Lattice degeneration is found significantly more often in myopic eyes and increases the risk of retinal detachment.

Question 5

In Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, which layer of the cornea is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Endothelium

Answer

Fuchs dystrophy involves progressive loss of corneal endothelial cells leading to corneal edema and vision loss.

ABO - American Board of Optometry Practice Test

ABO - American Board of Optometry Practice Test

ABO Ocular Disease & Pathology 2