AANP Pharmacology

Question 1

Which drug class is first-line for treating hypertension in patients with diabetes and microalbuminuria?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

ACE inhibitors provide renoprotective effects in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, making them the preferred antihypertensive class.

Question 2

A patient taking warfarin begins a course of fluconazole. What is the expected interaction?

Accepted Answer

Increased INR due to CYP2C9 inhibition

Answer

Fluconazole inhibits CYP2C9, the primary enzyme that metabolizes warfarin, leading to elevated warfarin levels and increased INR.

Question 3

Which antibiotic class is contraindicated in children under 8 years due to tooth discoloration and bone growth inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Tetracyclines

Answer

Tetracyclines bind calcium and deposit in developing teeth and bones, causing permanent discoloration and potential growth retardation in children under 8.

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity

Answer

Metformin primarily works by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and improving peripheral insulin sensitivity without causing hypoglycemia.

Question 5

A patient on lithium develops nausea, tremor, and polyuria. Which action is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Increase sodium intake and check lithium level

Answer

Lithium toxicity can be precipitated by sodium depletion; increasing sodium intake helps renal lithium excretion, and checking the serum level guides further management.

AANP - American Association of Nurse Practitioners Practice Test

AANP - American Association of Nurse Practitioners Practice Test

AANP Pharmacology