A-LEVEL Study Guide 2026
Everything you need to pass the A-LEVEL exam in one place: the exam format, every topic to study, real practice questions with explanations, flashcards, and full-length practice tests. Free, no sign-up needed.
📋 A-LEVEL Exam Format at a Glance
📚 A-LEVEL Topics to Study (29)
✍️ Sample A-LEVEL Questions & Answers
1. What is the key feature that distinguishes an experiment from a correlational study?
The defining feature of an experiment is the deliberate manipulation of an independent variable (IV) while measuring its effect on a dependent variable (DV), with control of extraneous variables. Correlational studies only measure the relationship between co-variables without manipulation.
2. What is the role of oestrogen in controlling the menstrual cycle?
Oestrogen has complex feedback effects: at low levels it negatively feeds back to inhibit FSH/LH. At high levels near ovulation, it provides positive feedback triggering the LH surge. It also repairs and thickens the endometrium after menstruation.
3. What is dramatic irony?
Dramatic irony occurs when the audience possesses knowledge that characters lack, creating tension or humour. In 'Romeo and Juliet', the audience knows Juliet is not truly dead, making Romeo's suicide deeply tragic.
4. What is a buffer solution and how does it resist pH change?
A buffer contains a weak acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A⁻, from a salt). Adding acid: A⁻ + H⁺ → HA (base removes excess H⁺). Adding alkali: HA + OH⁻ → A⁻ + H₂O (acid neutralises OH⁻). pH change is minimal.
5. What is the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions?
In elastic collisions, kinetic energy and momentum are both conserved (e.g., billiard balls). In inelastic collisions, momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not — some is converted to heat, sound, or deformation.
6. El Niño is associated with which of the following ocean and atmospheric conditions?
El Niño is characterised by unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, which disrupts normal atmospheric circulation and weather patterns globally.