English Literature Analysis Flashcards

In Shakespeare's 'Hamlet', what literary device is employed in the soliloquy 'To be, or not to be'?

Answer: Antithesis

Antithesis is the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in parallel structure. 'To be, or not to be' directly contrasts existence with non-existence, and the soliloquy continues with pairs of opposites such as 'suffer' versus 'take arms'.

Which narrative perspective does F. Scott Fitzgerald use in 'The Great Gatsby'?

Answer: First person peripheral narrator (Nick Carraway)

Nick Carraway narrates in the first person but is not the main character — he observes and reports on Gatsby's story. This peripheral narrator technique creates both intimacy and unreliability, as events are filtered through Nick's biases.

What is pathetic fallacy?

Answer: The attribution of human emotions to nature or weather to reflect the mood of characters or events

Pathetic fallacy, coined by John Ruskin, is a specific type of personification where natural elements (storms, sunshine, fog) mirror human emotions. For example, a thunderstorm during a tragic scene in a novel.

In 'A Christmas Carol' by Charles Dickens, Scrooge primarily functions as which type of character?

Answer: A dynamic character who undergoes significant transformation

Scrooge is the quintessential dynamic character in English literature. He transforms from a miserly, cold-hearted man to a generous, compassionate one through the visitations of three spirits, representing Dickens' social commentary on Victorian greed.

What is the term for a recurring symbol, image, or theme throughout a literary work?

Answer: Motif

A motif is a recurring element that has symbolic significance and contributes to the theme. For example, the green light in 'The Great Gatsby' appears repeatedly and symbolises Gatsby's aspirations and the American Dream.

In poetry analysis, what does enjambment refer to?

Answer: A sentence or phrase that continues beyond the end of a line without punctuation

Enjambment occurs when a sentence runs over from one line to the next without terminal punctuation, creating a sense of flow, urgency, or continuation. It contrasts with end-stopped lines where punctuation marks the line ending.