FREE Ramsay Thermodynamics Questions and Answers
Which statement accurately describes endothermic reactions?
In an endothermic reaction, the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants is greater than the energy released when new bonds are formed in the products. As a result, the reaction absorbs heat from its surroundings to proceed.
Why is it important to consider entropy when predicting the spontaneity of a reaction?
Considering entropy is important when predicting the spontaneity of a reaction because entropy represents the dispersal of energy and particles in a system.
Which factor affects the spontaneity of a reaction?
The factor that primarily affects the spontaneity of a reaction is the change in Gibbs free energy
What does the sign of the change in entropy indicate about a reaction?
The sign of the change in entropy (ΔS) indicates whether a reaction produces more disorder (positive ΔS) or more order (negative ΔS).
What does Gibbs free energy represent?
Gibbs free energy, also known as Gibbs energy or G, represents the energy available in a system to do useful work at constant temperature and pressure.
What does the change in enthalpy represent?
The change in enthalpy, often denoted as ΔH, represents the heat transferred during a process that occurs at constant pressure.
Which statement best describes entropy?
Entropy helps to explain why certain processes occur spontaneously and why some natural processes tend to move towards more disordered states.
A scientist can measure the temperature increase in a solution over time when heating it. Which of the following descriptions best describes the solution at this time?
When a scientist measures the temperature increase in a solution over time while heating it, they are essentially measuring the average kinetic energy of the molecules in the solution.
What is a state function in thermodynamics?
In thermodynamics, a state function (also known as a state property or state variable) is a property that depends only on the current state of a system and is independent of the path or the history by which the system reached that state.
According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy is?
The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms or be transferred from one part of the system to another.
What is meant by the term 'heat capacity'?
The term 'heat capacity' refers to the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by a given amount. It is a measure of the substance's ability to store thermal energy.
Enthalpy is a measure of?
Enthalpy is represented by the symbol "H" and is often used in thermodynamics to describe and analyze energy changes during processes, particularly in systems under constant pressure conditions.
What is the main focus of thermodynamics?
The main focus of thermodynamics is the study of energy and its transformations. It deals with understanding how energy is transferred between systems and their surroundings and how it affects the properties and behavior of matter.
What is an adiabatic process?
During an adiabatic process, there is no heat transfer into or out of the system. This means that the system is isolated from its surroundings regarding the transfer of thermal energy.
In a spontaneous exothermic reaction, what happens to the Gibbs free energy?
The decrease in Gibbs free energy during a spontaneous exothermic reaction implies that the reaction is energetically favorable, and the products are more stable than the reactants.
What is the definition of standard state conditions?
The standard state is defined for each substance, and it includes a particular temperature, pressure, and concentration (usually for solutions) that is considered as the reference or baseline.