Phonological Processing Skills Flashcards

A student is asked to say the word 'black' without the /l/ sound. What is the correct response?

Answer: back

Removing /l/ from 'black' (/blæk/) leaves /bæk/, spelled 'back'.

Which task is the BEST example of phoneme segmentation?

Answer: Saying each sound in 'ship' separately: /ʃ/ /ɪ/ /p/

Phoneme segmentation requires breaking a spoken word into its individual phonemes, as in separating 'ship' into /ʃ/ /ɪ/ /p/.

On the WIAT, the Pseudoword Decoding subtest measures a student's ability to:

Answer: Read nonsense words aloud using phonics rules

Pseudoword Decoding assesses phonological decoding by having students read pronounceable nonwords that have no meaning.

A child says 'tup' for 'cup'. This error pattern is best described as:

Answer: Initial consonant substitution

The child replaced the initial phoneme /k/ with /t/, which is an initial consonant substitution.

Which pair of words demonstrates a minimal pair differing only in vowel phonemes?

Answer: hit / hot

'Hit' /hɪt/ and 'hot' /hɑt/ differ only in the medial vowel phoneme, making them a vowel minimal pair.

How many phonemes are in the word 'through'?

Answer: 3

'Through' is pronounced /θruː/, which contains exactly three phonemes: /θ/, /r/, and /uː/.

Phonological awareness is best described as the ability to:

Answer: Recognize and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language

Phonological awareness is a metalinguistic skill involving conscious attention to and manipulation of the sound structure of spoken language.

A student is asked to say 'smile' and then say it again without the /m/ sound. The correct response is:

Answer: sile

Removing /m/ from 'smile' (/smaɪl/) yields /saɪl/, pronounced 'sile'.

Which phonological awareness skill typically develops LAST in young children?

Answer: Phoneme manipulation

Phoneme-level manipulation (deletion, substitution, reversal) is the most advanced phonological awareness skill and emerges latest.

On the WIAT Phonological Processing subtest, 'phoneme reversal' tasks ask students to:

Answer: Say a word or pseudoword's phonemes in backward order

Phoneme reversal requires the student to mentally reorder all phonemes of a spoken word or pseudoword and produce them in reverse sequence.

Which word contains a consonant digraph?

Answer: phone

'Phone' contains the digraph 'ph', two letters that together represent the single phoneme /f/.

A teacher says: 'What word do you get if you change the /æ/ in 'pan' to /ɪ/?' The student should answer:

Answer: pin

Substituting the vowel /æ/ in 'pan' with /ɪ/ produces 'pin' (/pɪn/).

Which measure on the WIAT assesses rapid naming, a component related to phonological processing efficiency?

Answer: Oral Reading Fluency

Oral Reading Fluency (and related rapid naming tasks) taps the speed and accuracy of phonological retrieval and word recognition.

How many syllables are in the word 'examination'?

Answer: 5

'Examination' has five syllables: ex-am-i-na-tion.

A student blends the sounds /f/ /r/ /ɒ/ /g/ and says 'frog'. This is an example of:

Answer: Phoneme blending

Phoneme blending involves combining separately presented phonemes to form a recognizable word.

Which of the following words has the most phonemes?

Answer: strength

'Strength' contains six phonemes: /s/ /t/ /r/ /ɛ/ /ŋ/ /θ/, more than the other options.

Difficulty with phoneme awareness is MOST strongly associated with problems in:

Answer: Decoding printed words

Research consistently shows that phoneme awareness is the strongest predictor of early decoding and word reading skill.

A student is asked to identify the odd word out among 'sun', 'sock', 'fun', and 'sit'. The correct answer is:

Answer: fun

'Fun' begins with /f/, while 'sun', 'sock', and 'sit' all begin with /s/, making 'fun' the phonologically odd word.

The WIAT Phonological Processing composite is designed primarily to identify students who may have:

Answer: Dyslexia or phonological-based reading disabilities

The phonological processing composite targets the core phonological deficits underlying dyslexia and phonological-based reading disabilities.

Which word pair is a rhyme?

Answer: time / lime

'Time' (/taɪm/) and 'lime' (/laɪm/) share the rime unit /aɪm/, making them a rhyming pair.