Pharmacy and Pharmacology Flashcards

Which of the following accurately describes 'bioavailability'?

Answer: Fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the systemic circulation in its active form after administration.

Which antibiotic class inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins?

Answer: Beta-lactams

Beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins) inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).

A technician receives a prescription for a Schedule III controlled substance. How long is this prescription valid in most US states?

Answer: 6 months

Schedule III and IV prescriptions are typically valid for 6 months and may be refilled up to 5 times during that period.

Which drug is the reversal agent for alpha-2 adrenergic agonists such as dexmedetomidine?

Answer: Atipamezole

Atipamezole (Antisedan) is a specific alpha-2 antagonist used to reverse the effects of medetomidine and dexmedetomidine.

Which antifungal drug works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes?

Answer: Fluconazole

Azole antifungals like fluconazole inhibit fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes, blocking ergosterol synthesis and disrupting the cell membrane.

What is the primary concern when administering aminoglycoside antibiotics to veterinary patients?

Answer: Nephrotoxicity

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin) are nephrotoxic; patients must have adequate hydration and renal function monitored during therapy.

A 10 kg dog needs a CRI (constant rate infusion) of fentanyl at 5 mcg/kg/hr. How many mcg/hr should the infusion deliver?

Answer: 50 mcg/hr

10 kg × 5 mcg/kg/hr = 50 mcg/hr required for the infusion.