FREE VTNE General Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe strangles?
Streptococcus equi var equi can be transmitted directly or indirectly and causes an inflammatory response that results in fever, dysphagia, anorexia, stridor, nasal discharge, and lymphadenopathy, though associated symptoms are not always present. Vaccines are available and advised where strangles is endemic or when horses are expected to be at high risk. Puppy strangles, also known as juvenile cellulitis, sterile granulomatous dermatitis, and lymphadenitis, is a rare immune system disorder that affects pups between the ages of 3 weeks and 4 months. The face swells noticeably. The disease requires high doses of corticosteroids to be treated. The illness does not return after it has been treated. Canine distemper is not bacterial; it is viral.
Which of the following is NOT a clause in the code of ethics for veterinary technicians?
The obligations, ethical responsibilities, and ideals of veterinary technicians are covered in full in the NAVTA Veterinary Technician Code of Ethics. The NAVTA Ethics Committee created the eleven statements that make up the Code of Ethics. Correctly translated, the sentence says, "Veterinary technicians shall assume accountability for individual professional actions and judgments."
A reverse distributor is what?
Practitioners get rid of outdated, harmed, useless, and undesired controlled substances by giving them to a reverse distributor, a registered drug dealer with the Drug Enforcement Administration who is allowed to accept them. A list of authorized reverse distributors is provided by regional DEA field offices. For a period of two years, copies of the records attesting to the transfer and disposal must be kept.
According to Drug Enforcement Administration rules, pentobarbital, fentanyl, and hydromorphone fall under which of the following categories of banned substances?
Morphine and other narcotics on Schedule II, such as hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, oxycodone, and fentanyl, have a high potential for abuse and may cause severe psychological or physical dependence. In addition to stimulants, cocaine, amobarbital, glutethimide, and pentobarbital are all classified as schedule II controlled substances.
Which one of the following effectively disinfects surfaces?
Cleaning the surface thoroughly is a prerequisite for effective surface disinfection. The surface disinfectant should also sufficiently cover the surface and remain in touch with it for an appropriate amount of time. Bleach's active ingredient, sodium hypochlorite, offers the best disinfection at 0.16% solution concentration. A 5.25% solution is diluted to a 1:32 dilution to get a 0.16% solution. Parvovirus, along with other bacteria and viruses, can be effectively treated with diluted sodium hypochlorite or bleach solutions.
Which of the following statements about endotoxins is FALSE?
A lipopolysaccharide called endotoxin is a part of the gram-negative bacteria's outer cell wall. It is expelled from the bacteria during cell lysis and death as well as bacterial development. Endotoxin produces and releases biochemical mediators when it binds receptors on host endothelium cells, macrophages, monocytes, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These mediators include proteases, toxic oxygen radicals, platelet activation factor, nitric oxide, cytokines, eicosanoids, and vasoactive amines. Initiating physiologic processes that lead to endotoxic shock with cardiopulmonary dysfunction, loss of microvascular integrity, and multiple organ failure, these mediators' release. Because they are known to decrease cytokine production, stop the inflammatory cascade, and inhibit nitrous oxide, glucocorticoids are used to treat endotoxic shock. Endotoxic shock is treated with lazaroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, pentoxifylline, and nitrous oxide inhibitors but not with antibiotics.
Which statement regarding recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) is FALSE?
rh-EPO is a treatment for anemia in both humans and animals with chronic renal failure. It is prescribed at doses of 50-100 U/kg 3 times per week subcutaneously until the goal PCV is reached and is appropriate when the PCV declines to 25% or below. To track progress, patient PCV should be measured twice a week. Rh-EPO may be administered twice weekly once the target PCV is attained. A larger dose of rh-EPO may be administered to non-responsive patients. The dose can be raised in increments of 25–50 U/kg. Although there is no known maximum dose, weekly doses of up to 1050 U/kg have been documented. Reticulocytosis and a daily PCV rise of 0.5%–1.0% are present in responsive patients. In both dogs and cats, the occurrence of antibody production is very common.