Pharmacy and Pharmacology Flashcards

Which adverse effect is most associated with chronic NSAID use in dogs?

Answer: Gastrointestinal ulceration

Chronic NSAID use inhibits COX-1, reducing protective prostaglandins in the GI tract and predisposing patients to ulcers.

A veterinarian prescribes enalapril for a dog with congestive heart failure. What drug class does enalapril belong to?

Answer: ACE inhibitor

Enalapril is an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor used to reduce cardiac workload in heart failure.

Which drug is used as the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity in cats?

Answer: N-acetylcysteine

N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione stores, helping to neutralize the toxic metabolite NAPQI formed from acetaminophen.

What is the term for the time it takes for a drug's plasma concentration to decrease by 50%?

Answer: Half-life

Half-life (t½) is the time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to fall to half its original value.

Which drug is commonly used as a preanesthetic to reduce salivation and bradycardia in veterinary patients?

Answer: Atropine

Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors, reducing secretions and preventing vagally-induced bradycardia.

A rabbit is to receive enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg SID. The rabbit weighs 2.2 kg. The available concentration is 22.7 mg/mL. How many mL per dose?

Answer: 0.48 mL

2.2 kg × 5 mg/kg = 11 mg; 11 mg ÷ 22.7 mg/mL ≈ 0.48 mL.

Which of the following drugs is classified as a phenothiazine tranquilizer used in veterinary medicine?

Answer: Acepromazine

Acepromazine is a phenothiazine derivative used as a sedative and preanesthetic tranquilizer in veterinary patients.