Pharmacy and Pharmacology Flashcards

Which controlled substance schedule includes drugs with accepted medical use but high potential for abuse, such as morphine?

Answer: Schedule II

Schedule II drugs have accepted medical use but a high potential for abuse and severe psychological or physical dependence.

A dog is prescribed metronidazole 15 mg/kg PO BID. The dog weighs 22 lbs. How many milligrams per dose should be administered?

Answer: 150 mg

22 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 10 kg; 10 kg × 15 mg/kg = 150 mg per dose.

Which drug class is commonly used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine sedation in veterinary patients?

Answer: Benzodiazepine antagonists

Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the effects of diazepam and midazolam.

What is the primary mechanism of action of NSAIDs in veterinary patients?

Answer: Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes

NSAIDs reduce inflammation and pain by inhibiting COX-1 and/or COX-2 enzymes, decreasing prostaglandin synthesis.

Which route of administration provides the fastest onset of drug action?

Answer: Intravenous

Intravenous administration delivers the drug directly into systemic circulation, providing the fastest onset of action.

A cat receives 0.01 mg/kg of buprenorphine. The cat weighs 4.5 kg. The concentration available is 0.3 mg/mL. How many mL should be given?

Answer: 0.15 mL

4.5 kg × 0.01 mg/kg = 0.045 mg; 0.045 mg ÷ 0.3 mg/mL = 0.15 mL.

Which antiparasitic drug class works by causing irreversible opening of glutamate-gated chloride channels in invertebrates?

Answer: Macrocyclic lactones

Macrocyclic lactones (e.g., ivermectin, milbemycin) work by opening glutamate-gated chloride channels, causing paralysis and death of parasites.