UTC Ultrasound Technologist Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which ligament divides the liver into right and left lobes on the anterior surface?
- Hepatoduodenal ligament
- Falciform ligament (Correct answer)
- Coronary ligament
- Gastrohepatic ligament
Correct answer: Falciform ligament
The falciform ligament is the peritoneal fold visible on the anterior liver surface that separates the anatomical right and left lobes.
Question 2: The adrenal glands are supplied primarily by branches of which vessels?
- Renal arteries only
- Inferior phrenic, aorta, and renal arteries (Correct answer)
- Celiac trunk only
- Superior mesenteric artery
Correct answer: Inferior phrenic, aorta, and renal arteries
Each adrenal gland receives blood from three sources: the superior suprarenal (from inferior phrenic), middle suprarenal (from aorta), and inferior suprarenal (from renal artery).
Question 3: During fetal circulation, which structure allows oxygenated blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta?
- Foramen ovale
- Ductus venosus
- Ductus arteriosus (Correct answer)
- Umbilical vein
Correct answer: Ductus arteriosus
The ductus arteriosus connects the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta, shunting blood away from the uninflated fetal lungs.
Question 4: Which muscle forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck and is an important landmark in neck sonography?
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Trapezius
- Omohyoid (Correct answer)
- Platysma
Correct answer: Omohyoid
The omohyoid muscle's inferior belly crosses the posterior triangle and serves as a key anatomical landmark separating neck compartments during ultrasound.
Question 5: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult is approximately:
- 25 mL/min
- 60 mL/min
- 125 mL/min (Correct answer)
- 200 mL/min
Correct answer: 125 mL/min
A normal GFR is approximately 125 mL/min (180 L/day), though most filtrate is reabsorbed with only about 1.5 L excreted as urine daily.
Question 6: Which structure connects the third and fourth ventricles within the brain?
- Foramen of Monro
- Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius (Correct answer)
- Choroid plexus
- Foramen of Luschka
Correct answer: Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) is a narrow channel through the midbrain connecting the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle.
Question 7: The normal adult spleen measures approximately:
- 5 cm in length
- 8–13 cm in length (Correct answer)
- 15–18 cm in length
- 20 cm in length
Correct answer: 8–13 cm in length
A normal spleen measures 8–13 cm in its longest dimension; a measurement exceeding 13 cm is generally considered splenomegaly by ultrasound criteria.
UTC Ultrasound Technologist Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2
Which ligament divides the liver into right and left lobes on the anterior surface?