Last verified: September 19, 2026 against USCIS (uscis.gov).
Preparing for the USCIS naturalization civics interview? A printable US citizenship test practice PDF is one of the most effective tools you can use. Think of it as a printable citizenship study guide: a citizenship practice test PDF you can mark up with a pen and revisit until every answer is automatic. Study at home, on the train, or during a lunch break — no internet required. This page gives you a free sample practice PDF, an online practice test, and direct links to the two official USCIS question lists: the 128-question 2025 civics test and the 100-question 2008 civics test. It also explains the English language components and eligibility requirements so you know exactly what to expect on your interview day.
The naturalization process has real stakes, and since October 20, 2025 the civics test comes in two versions. If you filed Form N-400 on or after October 20, 2025, you take the 2025 test: up to 20 questions from a bank of 128, and you need 12 correct (60%). If you filed before that date, you take the 2008 test: up to 10 questions from a bank of 100, and you need 6 correct (also 60%). Either way, the officer can draw from every question in the bank, so deliberate practice with a printable study guide is what turns a shaky 6/10 or 12/20 into a confident pass.
Filed Form N-400 on or after October 20, 2025: study the 128-question 2025 civics test (20 asked, 12 correct to pass). Filed before October 20, 2025: study the 100-question 2008 civics test (10 asked, 6 correct to pass). Both official lists are linked in the Official Resources section below.
Becoming a US citizen through naturalization involves more than passing a civics test. The full process starts with filing Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization) and meeting eligibility requirements. The N-400 filing fee is $710 if you file online or $760 by paper; a reduced fee of $380 or a full fee waiver is available to qualifying applicants (paper filing only). There is no separate fee for the civics or English tests. Most applicants must have held a green card (Lawful Permanent Resident status) for at least five years — or three years if married to a US citizen. You must also demonstrate continuous residence and physical presence in the United States during that period.
After USCIS accepts your N-400, you'll be scheduled for a biometrics appointment to collect fingerprints and a background check. The naturalization interview follows — typically several months later. At the interview, an officer reviews your application, tests your ability to speak, read, and write English, and administers the civics exam. If you pass everything, you'll be scheduled for an oath of allegiance ceremony, which is the final step to citizenship.
Continuous residence means you haven't left the US for 6+ continuous months (18 months for those with a re-entry permit). Physical presence means you've been physically inside the country for at least 30 months out of the 5-year period. These requirements trip up applicants who travel frequently for work or family.
USCIS divides the civics questions into three broad categories: American Government, American History, and Integrated Civics (geography, symbols, and holidays). The 2008 test uses a bank of 100 questions, from which the officer asks up to 10 (6 correct to pass); the 2025 test, given to anyone who filed Form N-400 on or after October 20, 2025, uses an expanded bank of 128 questions, from which the officer asks up to 20 (12 correct to pass). You won't know which questions you'll get in advance, so you need to know every question in your version's bank. The topic areas below apply to both versions.
This section covers the three branches of federal government and how they interact. You need to know the structure of Congress (Senate + House of Representatives), the number of senators (100) and representatives (435), the terms each serve, and what each branch does. Questions about the President — two four-year terms maximum, constitutional requirements, and the line of presidential succession — appear regularly. The Supreme Court, its role in interpreting the Constitution, and the nine justices are also tested.
The Bill of Rights is heavily weighted. You should know all ten amendments and what each guarantees: freedom of speech, religion, press, peaceful assembly, and petition (First Amendment); the right to bear arms (Second); protection from unreasonable searches and seizures (Fourth); the right against self-incrimination and double jeopardy (Fifth); the right to a speedy trial (Sixth). The 14th Amendment (equal protection, due process, citizenship by birth) and 19th Amendment (women's right to vote) also appear.
The history section spans from colonial settlement to the late 20th century. Know the original 13 colonies, why colonists fought the British (taxation without representation, lack of self-governance), and the significance of the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the Constitution (1787). The Federalist Papers — written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay — argued for ratification of the Constitution; USCIS tests whether applicants know this.
The Civil War (1861–1865) is a major focus. Know the cause (slavery), the president at the time (Abraham Lincoln), and the outcome (preservation of the Union, abolition of slavery via the 13th Amendment). World War II questions cover US involvement (following Pearl Harbor in 1941), the two countries the US fought against (Japan and Germany/Italy), the president who ordered the atomic bomb (Truman), and the year the war ended (1945).
The Civil Rights Movement is tested extensively. Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 all appear in the question bank. Know that the Civil Rights Act outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.
Geography questions cover the 50 states and their capitals, bordering countries (Canada to the north, Mexico to the south), bordering oceans (Pacific, Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico), major rivers (Mississippi, Missouri, Colorado, Ohio), and territories (Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands). The national anthem is "The Star-Spangled Banner," written by Francis Scott Key in 1814. The flag has 13 stripes (for the original colonies) and 50 stars (one for each state).
Most applicants must demonstrate the ability to read, write, and speak basic English, and these tests did not change with the 2025 civics test. The reading test requires you to read one of three sentences correctly — USCIS will keep trying (up to three sentences) until you read one correctly. The writing test is identical: you must write one of three sentences the officer dictates. The speaking test is conducted throughout the entire interview; the officer assesses your ability to answer questions and communicate clearly.
Exemptions apply if you are 50 years old and have been a permanent resident for 20 years, or 55 years old with 15 years as a permanent resident. These applicants still take the civics test — but in their native language, with an interpreter of their choice.
Passing the interview doesn't automatically make you a citizen. You must take the Oath of Allegiance at a naturalization ceremony — either on the same day as your interview or at a later ceremony. The oath requires renouncing loyalty to foreign nations, supporting and defending the Constitution, bearing arms for the United States when required by law, and performing noncombatant service when required. After the oath, you receive your Certificate of Naturalization (Form N-550), which is your official proof of citizenship.
With your certificate, you can apply for a US passport, register to vote, and sponsor immediate family members for green cards. US citizenship is permanent — it cannot be revoked except in rare cases of fraud during the naturalization process.
Try these questions from our free US Citizenship Test practice tests. The correct answer and an explanation follow each question.
Which Constitutional amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States?
Answer: B. 14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, defined citizenship and granted it to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.
Which amendment granted citizenship to formerly enslaved people born in the United States?
Answer: B. Fourteenth Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.
Who served as President of the United States throughout most of the Civil War?
Answer: B. Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President and led the Union through the Civil War from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865, just days after the war effectively ended.
What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?
Answer: B. It was the turning point of the Civil War, representing the last major Confederate offensive in the North
The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) was the bloodiest battle of the Civil War and the turning point; after their defeat there, the Confederacy never again mounted a major offensive into Northern territory.
Don't just read the civic questions for citizenship PDF passively. Flashcard-style review works, but timed recall is better. Cover the answer, say your response out loud, then check. If you hesitate more than three seconds, mark it for review. After going through the full list for your version (100 questions for the 2008 test, 128 for the 2025 test), spend extra time on the ones you hesitated on.
Pay special attention to questions with specific numbers: 100 senators, 435 representatives, 9 Supreme Court justices, 27 constitutional amendments, 13 original colonies, 50 states. These factual questions are common interview choices because they have clear right and wrong answers.
Practice in English even if it isn't your first language. The officer will ask in English, and you need to respond in English (unless you qualify for an exemption). Rehearsing the answers in English — not translating in your head during the interview — reduces response time and nerves.
Before you print anything, check which civics test USCIS will give you, because it depends on your N-400 filing date. USCIS confirms that applicants who filed Form N-400 before October 20, 2025 take the 2008 civics test: the officer asks up to 10 questions from the official list of 100, and 6 correct answers pass. Applicants who filed on or after October 20, 2025 take the 2025 civics test: 20 questions drawn from a list of 128, and you need 12 correct to pass. In both versions the officer stops as soon as you reach the passing score (or the failing count), so strong early answers shorten the interview.
Two special cases are worth knowing. The 65/20 special consideration applies if you are 65 or older and have held a green card for 20 or more years: you answer 10 questions chosen from a subset of 20 asterisked questions in whichever version applies to you, and you may take the test in your own language. Also, answers involving current officeholders (President, Speaker of the House, your state's senators and governor) change with elections and appointments, so verify those on the USCIS Civics Test Updates page before your interview date.
USCIS publishes both the 128-question 2025 list and the 100-question 2008 list free of charge. Print the version that matches your filing date, quiz yourself with it, and pencil in the current officials' names so your study guide is never out of date.
It depends on when you filed Form N-400. Filed on or after October 20, 2025: the officer asks up to 20 questions from the 128 official questions of the 2025 civics test, and you must answer 12 correctly (the test stops at 12 correct or 9 incorrect). Filed before October 20, 2025: the officer asks up to 10 questions from the 100 official questions of the 2008 civics test, and you must answer 6 correctly. Applicants 65 or older with 20 years as a permanent resident answer 10 questions from the 20 asterisked questions in their version and must get 6 correct.
USCIS schedules a re-examination within 60 to 90 days of the initial interview. You are retested on the parts you failed — civics, English reading, or English writing. If you fail the re-examination, USCIS will deny your N-400 application. You can refile, but you must pay the filing fee again.
No. The civics test is oral and administered without notes. You must answer from memory. The officer asks the question and waits for your response. That's why practicing with printed flashcards and study guides — like this PDF — is so valuable: it builds the retrieval habit you need for an oral exam.