PNCB Growth & Development Flashcards

At what age does a child typically begin to walk independently?

Answer: 12-15 months

Most children typically begin to walk independently between 12 and 15 months of age, though there can be some variation. This milestone follows a progression of motor skills, including crawling, pulling to stand, and cruising, as their balance and muscle strength develop. It marks a significant step in their mobility and independence.

Which developmental milestone is typical for a 6-month-old infant?

Answer: Sitting with support

By 6 months of age, infants typically develop sufficient head control and core strength to sit with support, often leaning on their hands or a cushion. This milestone is a precursor to independent sitting and indicates progressing motor development. It allows them to interact with their environment from a new perspective.

According to Erikson, what is the primary psychosocial task of the toddler stage?

Answer: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, the toddler stage (approximately 18 months to 3 years) is characterized by the conflict of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. During this period, children strive for independence and self-control, learning to do things for themselves. If supported, this fosters a sense of autonomy and self-confidence.

Which behavior is expected in a typical 3-year-old child?

Answer: Forms three-word sentences

By age three, children typically experience a significant language explosion, moving beyond single words to forming simple sentences, often three to four words long. They can express their needs and desires more clearly, demonstrating a growing understanding of grammar and vocabulary. This development is crucial for social interaction and learning.

When is the anterior fontanel typically expected to close?

Answer: 12-18 months

The anterior fontanel, the soft spot on the top of an infant's head, typically closes between 12 and 18 months of age. This closure allows for continued brain growth while eventually providing full protection to the brain. Its presence in infancy accommodates rapid brain development and passage through the birth canal.

Which activity is most appropriate for a school-aged child to promote development?

Answer: Board games with peers

For school-aged children (typically 6-12 years), activities like board games with peers are highly appropriate as they promote cognitive development, social skills, problem-solving, and turn-taking. This stage emphasizes social interaction and developing a sense of industry and competence. Such activities encourage cooperation and strategic thinking.