Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test (UMAT) — Questions and Answers

Question 1: In a UMAT rate problem: A lab processes 120 samples in 8 hours. At this rate, how many samples can it process in 5 hours?

80
100
60
75 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 75

Rate = 120/8 = 15 samples per hour; in 5 hours: 15 × 5 = 75 samples.

Question 2: In a UMAT sequence problem: 2, 5, 11, 23, 47, __ — what is the next number?

96
95 (Correct answer)
94
71

Correct answer: 95

Each term is calculated as (previous term × 2) + 1: 2×2+1=5, 5×2+1=11, 11×2+1=23, 23×2+1=47, 47×2+1=95.

Question 3: A UMAT problem states: 'In a group of 30 students, 18 study biology and 15 study chemistry. 7 study both.' How many students study only chemistry?

15
7
8 (Correct answer)
11

Correct answer: 8

Students studying only chemistry = total chemistry students - those studying both = 15 - 7 = 8.

Question 4: A health article claims: 'Countries with more doctors per capita have higher life expectancy.' A researcher argues this shows doctors improve life expectancy. What alternative explanation best challenges this?

Wealthier countries can afford both more doctors and better living conditions (Correct answer)
Some countries have more nurses than doctors
Doctors in some countries are less qualified
Life expectancy data can be inaccurate

Correct answer: Wealthier countries can afford both more doctors and better living conditions

Wealth is a confounding variable that could explain both more doctors and higher life expectancy, undermining the causal claim.

Question 5: A sequence of figures shows: ●●●, ●●○, ●○○, ○○○. What pattern is being followed?

Every other circle changes
The number of circles decreases
Randomly replacing dots
Each step converts one filled circle to an empty circle (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Each step converts one filled circle to an empty circle

In each step, one additional filled circle (●) becomes an empty circle (○), progressing from all filled to all empty.

Question 6: A UMAT data question presents two treatment groups: Group A (n=50) with 30 successes and Group B (n=100) with 45 successes. Which group has the higher success rate?

Group B
Cannot be determined
They are equal
Group A (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Group A

Group A success rate = 30/50 = 60%; Group B success rate = 45/100 = 45% — Group A has the higher rate.

Question 7: In an abstract sequence: ○ △ □ ○ △ □ ○ △ __ — what shape comes next?

△
○
◇
□ (Correct answer)

Correct answer: □

The sequence repeats the pattern ○ △ □, so after ○ △ the next shape is □.

Question 8: Which of the following is an example of a deductive argument?

Most students who study pass; therefore some students will pass
It has rained the last three Mondays, so it will probably rain next Monday
Studies suggest exercise improves mood, so exercise might help this patient
All mammals are warm-blooded; whales are mammals; therefore whales are warm-blooded (Correct answer)

Correct answer: All mammals are warm-blooded; whales are mammals; therefore whales are warm-blooded

A deductive argument moves from general premises to a specific conclusion that must be true if the premises are true, as in the classic syllogism format.

Question 9: A UMAT passage states a doctor treated 100 patients with herbal remedy X and all recovered. Another doctor says this does not prove the remedy works. Who is more scientifically correct and why?

The second doctor, because there is no control group to compare against (Correct answer)
The first doctor, because all 100 patients recovered
The first doctor, because 100 is a large enough sample
The second doctor, because herbal remedies never work

Correct answer: The second doctor, because there is no control group to compare against

Without a control group, it is impossible to know whether patients would have recovered anyway without treatment, making the observed recovery rate uninterpretable.

Question 10: In a 2×2 matrix of shapes, the top row shows: large circle, small circle; the bottom-left shows: large square. Applying the same size transformation rule, what is the bottom-right shape?

Large square
Large circle
Small triangle
Small square (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Small square

The rule transforms large shapes to small shapes across the row, so the large square transforms to a small square.

Question 11: A passage argues that preventive medicine is more cost-effective than curative medicine. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken this argument?

Many people will never develop the diseases being prevented (Correct answer)
Many patients prefer curative over preventive approaches
Curative treatments are improving rapidly and becoming cheaper
Preventive treatments have significant side effects

Correct answer: Many people will never develop the diseases being prevented

If most people treated preventively would never develop the disease, the cost-effectiveness of prevention is undermined because resources are spent on those who would never have needed them.

Question 12: Which of the following best describes 'perspective-taking' as tested in the UMAT?

Calculating angles in geometric shapes
Identifying patterns in number sequences
Understanding a situation from another person's point of view (Correct answer)
Summarizing a passage of text

Correct answer: Understanding a situation from another person's point of view

Perspective-taking is the cognitive ability to understand a situation from another person's viewpoint, a core skill assessed in the Understanding People section.

Question 13: Sarah tells her friend 'I'm fine' after a breakup but avoids eye contact and speaks in a monotone. What does this scenario illustrate?

Consistent emotional expression
Strong emotional resilience
Avoidance of social interaction
Verbal and non-verbal cues that contradict each other (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Verbal and non-verbal cues that contradict each other

When verbal statements contradict non-verbal behavior, it typically signals that the person's expressed emotion does not match their true emotional state.

Question 14: A passage argues that medical school curricula should include more training in communication skills. Which evidence would most strengthen this argument?

Many doctors report feeling confident in their communication abilities
Medical students find communication classes more enjoyable than science classes
Communication skills can be learned outside of formal training
Poor communication between doctors and patients is linked to medication errors and poorer outcomes (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Poor communication between doctors and patients is linked to medication errors and poorer outcomes

Linking poor communication to concrete patient harm provides the strongest justification for including communication training in curricula.

Question 15: A UMAT question asks which conclusion is 'most strongly supported' by given data. This phrasing means you should select:

The most extreme interpretation of the data
The conclusion that matches common knowledge
The conclusion that the data provides the clearest and most direct evidence for (Correct answer)
Any conclusion that seems reasonable regardless of the data

Correct answer: The conclusion that the data provides the clearest and most direct evidence for

When asked for the most strongly supported conclusion, you must select the one most directly and clearly evidenced by the given data, avoiding unsupported inferences.

Question 16: When approaching a UMAT problem-solving question with many variables, the best first strategy is to:

Start with the easiest constraint and work forward randomly
List all possible arrangements before applying any rules
Identify and apply the most restrictive constraint first to reduce possibilities (Correct answer)
Guess and check all possible combinations

Correct answer: Identify and apply the most restrictive constraint first to reduce possibilities

Applying the most restrictive constraint first rapidly eliminates the most options, making subsequent steps much more efficient.

Question 17: Which approach is most appropriate when a UMAT question asks you to evaluate the strength of an argument?

Assess whether the premises logically support the conclusion and whether evidence is relevant (Correct answer)
Select the argument made by the most qualified person
Choose the longest answer as it contains more reasoning
Agree with whichever argument matches your personal opinion

Correct answer: Assess whether the premises logically support the conclusion and whether evidence is relevant

Evaluating argument strength requires examining whether the premises are relevant, accurate, and whether they logically lead to the stated conclusion.

Question 18: In a UMAT problem-solving question, you are told: 'All registered nurses have completed clinical training. Jane has completed clinical training.' What can you validly conclude?

Jane may or may not be a registered nurse (Correct answer)
Jane is a registered nurse
Jane is a doctor
Jane is definitely not a registered nurse

Correct answer: Jane may or may not be a registered nurse

Completing clinical training is a necessary condition for being a registered nurse but not sufficient — others may also complete it, so Jane's status cannot be confirmed.

Question 19: In a dataset of exam scores (55, 62, 70, 70, 88), what is the mode?

70 (Correct answer)
55
62
88

Correct answer: 70

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset; 70 appears twice while all other values appear once.

Question 20: A UMAT table shows that a test has a false positive rate of 20%. In a group of 500 healthy patients, approximately how many will incorrectly test positive?

100 (Correct answer)
80
200
20

Correct answer: 100

False positive rate of 20% means 20% of healthy patients test positive: 0.20 × 500 = 100 patients.

Question 21: A UMAT problem states: 'Five friends sit in a row. Anna is not next to Ben. Ben sits next to Carol. Carol sits at one end.' If Carol is at the left end, which of the following must be true?

Ben and Anna are adjacent
Ben sits second from the left (Correct answer)
Anna sits immediately to the right of Carol
Anna sits at the right end

Correct answer: Ben sits second from the left

Carol is at position 1 (left end); Ben is next to Carol, so Ben must be at position 2 (second from left).

Question 22: In a UMAT working-forwards problem: A hospital opens at 8 AM, and the first consultation takes 20 minutes. Each subsequent consultation takes 15 minutes. What time does the 5th consultation end?

9:10 AM (Correct answer)
9:15 AM
9:00 AM
9:20 AM

Correct answer: 9:10 AM

Consultation 1 ends at 8:20; consultations 2–5 each take 15 min: 8:20 + (4 × 15) = 8:20 + 60 = 9:20 AM.

Question 23: A UMAT logic problem: 'No reptiles are mammals. All crocodiles are reptiles.' Which conclusion is valid?

All mammals are crocodiles
Crocodiles may or may not be mammals
Some crocodiles are mammals
No crocodiles are mammals (Correct answer)

Correct answer: No crocodiles are mammals

All crocodiles are reptiles (given), and no reptiles are mammals (given), therefore no crocodiles are mammals by syllogistic deduction.

Question 24: A health policy document states: 'Universal health coverage ensures that all citizens receive the care they need without financial hardship.' Which assumption underlies this statement?

Citizens in all countries want universal health coverage
All citizens will choose to use the healthcare system
The healthcare system has sufficient resources to meet all needs (Correct answer)
Financial hardship is the only barrier to accessing care

Correct answer: The healthcare system has sufficient resources to meet all needs

The claim only holds if there are adequate resources; without sufficient capacity, coverage cannot guarantee all needed care.

Question 25: In a UMAT data set, the mean is significantly higher than the median. This most likely indicates:

The data is skewed right with some very high values pulling the mean up (Correct answer)
The median was calculated incorrectly
The data set has too few values
The data is normally distributed

Correct answer: The data is skewed right with some very high values pulling the mean up

When the mean exceeds the median, the distribution is typically right-skewed, with high outliers pulling the mean upward.

Question 26: A friend who normally talks constantly becomes very quiet at a social gathering. The most empathically accurate response would be to:

Notice the change and privately check in to see if they are okay (Correct answer)
Draw attention to their silence in front of the group
Assume they are rude and ignore them
Immediately tell them to cheer up

Correct answer: Notice the change and privately check in to see if they are okay

Noticing a change in behavior and privately checking in demonstrates attentiveness to another's emotional state without public embarrassment.

Question 27: In evaluating evidence for a UMAT critical thinking question, which source of information is generally most reliable?

A peer-reviewed meta-analysis of multiple randomized controlled trials (Correct answer)
A widely shared social media post about health outcomes
An opinion piece in a popular magazine
A single anecdotal report from a respected person

Correct answer: A peer-reviewed meta-analysis of multiple randomized controlled trials

Peer-reviewed meta-analyses synthesize multiple controlled studies and undergo rigorous expert review, placing them at the top of the evidence hierarchy.

Question 28: A series shows figures with an increasing number of sides: triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon. What comes next?

Heptagon (7-sided) (Correct answer)
Hexagon
Pentagon
Octagon (8-sided)

Correct answer: Heptagon (7-sided)

The pattern adds one side per step: 3, 4, 5, 6 — the next shape has 7 sides, a heptagon.

Question 29: A UMAT problem presents a Venn diagram with 3 overlapping sets. Region X (only A∩B, not C) contains 5 elements. Region Y (only A, not B or C) contains 8. How many elements are in A but not C?

8
13 (Correct answer)
Cannot be determined without more info
5

Correct answer: 13

Elements in A but not C = (only A) + (A∩B but not C) = 8 + 5 = 13, assuming no other A-regions overlap with C.

Question 30: In an abstract pattern set, Set A contains figures with curved lines only, Set B contains figures with straight lines only. A figure with both curved and straight lines belongs to:

Both sets equally
Neither Set A nor Set B (Correct answer)
Set B
Set A

Correct answer: Neither Set A nor Set B

Since Set A requires only curved lines and Set B requires only straight lines, a figure with both does not meet the strict criteria of either set.

Question 31: The following argument appears in a medical journal: 'Obesity rates have risen alongside increased use of smartphones. Therefore, smartphones contribute to obesity.' What logical error does this commit?

Post hoc ergo propter hoc (Correct answer)
False dilemma
Ad hominem
Straw man fallacy

Correct answer: Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Post hoc ergo propter hoc assumes that because one thing followed another, it was caused by the other, which is not necessarily true.

Question 32: A patient becomes angry when told their test results will be delayed. The doctor recognizes the anger is actually rooted in fear. This recognition is an example of:

Empathic accuracy (Correct answer)
Cognitive bias
Clinical diagnosis
Projection

Correct answer: Empathic accuracy

Empathic accuracy is the ability to correctly identify the underlying emotions driving someone's behavior, such as recognizing fear behind apparent anger.

Question 33: If a transparent cube is viewed from a particular angle, which of the following shapes is it least likely to resemble?

Pentagon (Correct answer)
Square
Hexagon
Triangle

Correct answer: Pentagon

When a transparent cube is viewed from different angles, its two-dimensional projection can form various shapes like a square (face-on), a triangle (corner-on), or a hexagon (when three faces are visible). However, a pentagon, which has five sides, is not a possible projection of a cube. A cube's edges and vertices will always project to form polygons with 3, 4, or 6 sides.

Question 34: Two studies report the same effect size. Study 1 has n=50, Study 2 has n=500. Which study's results are more reliable and why?

They are equally reliable because the effect size is the same
Study 2, because larger samples produce more stable and generalizable estimates (Correct answer)
Study 1, because smaller samples are more controlled
Neither, because effect size is the only relevant metric

Correct answer: Study 2, because larger samples produce more stable and generalizable estimates

Larger sample sizes reduce sampling error and produce more stable statistical estimates that are more likely to reflect the true population effect.

Question 35: Identify the 3D shape that cannot be created from the given 2D shape (net): Net: A flat pattern consisting of a base square, four attached triangles, and a square attached to one of the triangles.

Cube
Triangular prism (Correct answer)
Tent-like structure
Pyramid with a square base

Correct answer: Triangular prism

The given net consists of a base square, four triangles, and an additional square. This configuration is suitable for forming a pyramid with a square base (using the base square and four triangles) or potentially a cube (if the triangles were squares and arranged differently). A triangular prism, however, requires two triangular bases and three rectangular sides, which cannot be constructed from the provided net.

Question 36: In a UMAT-style analogy: Circle is to Sphere as Square is to:

Cube (Correct answer)
Cylinder
Triangle
Rectangle

Correct answer: Cube

A circle is the 2D version of a sphere; similarly, a square is the 2D version of a cube.

Question 37: Which of the following systems in the human body is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products?

Digestive system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system (Correct answer)
Nervous system

Correct answer: Circulatory system

The circulatory system, comprising the heart, blood vessels, and blood, is specifically designed for transport throughout the body. It pumps oxygenated blood and nutrients to tissues, while simultaneously collecting deoxygenated blood and metabolic waste products to be expelled or processed by other systems. This makes it the primary transport network for these vital substances.

Question 38: A text argues that mandatory vaccination is justified because individual rights can be limited to protect public health. Which philosophical tradition most directly supports this view?

Utilitarianism, which seeks the greatest good for the greatest number (Correct answer)
Virtue ethics, which emphasises personal character
Deontology, which focuses on absolute individual rights
Libertarianism, which prioritises individual freedom above all

Correct answer: Utilitarianism, which seeks the greatest good for the greatest number

Utilitarianism supports limiting individual freedoms when doing so maximises overall societal benefit, such as herd immunity.

Question 39: A UMAT working-backwards problem: A patient needs medication 3 times a day for 10 days. Tablets come in bottles of 25. How many bottles are needed?

4
3
1
2 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 2

Total tablets needed = 3 × 10 = 30 tablets; one bottle of 25 is insufficient, so 2 bottles (50 tablets) are required.

Question 40: In a family of six, there are two parents, two sons, and two daughters. The father is twice as old as the oldest son, who is 18. The mother is three years younger than the father. How old is the mother?

45
39
42 (Correct answer)
36

Correct answer: 42

The oldest son is 18. The father is twice as old as the oldest son, making the father 18 * 2 = 36 years old. The mother is three years younger than the father, so her age is 36 - 3 = 33 years old. (Note: The provided correct answer is 42, which contradicts the given information. The explanation provided here aligns with the mathematically sound answer of 33 based on the problem's explicit details.)

Question 41: A UMAT problem gives you these clues: X + Y = 10, X - Y = 4. What is X?

3
7 (Correct answer)
6
4

Correct answer: 7

Adding both equations: 2X = 14, so X = 7.

Question 42: A graph shows healthcare spending (in billions) for five countries: A=5, B=12, C=8, D=15, E=10. What is the median spending?

10 (Correct answer)
15
12
8

Correct answer: 10

Ordered values: 5, 8, 10, 12, 15 — the median (middle value) is 10.

Question 43: Choose the figure that is a mirror image of the given shape: Given shape: ⇑⇓

⇑⇑
⇓⇓
⇓⇑ (Correct answer)
⇑⇓

Correct answer: ⇓⇑

A mirror image reflects an object across a vertical axis, effectively swapping the left and right positions of its components while maintaining their individual orientations. For the given shape ⇑⇓, reflecting it would cause the upward arrow (⇑) to move to the right and the downward arrow (⇓) to move to the left. This results in the mirror image ⇓⇑.

Question 44: A UMAT question presents a table showing that risk of disease X increases with age. The data shows 2% risk at age 20, 5% at age 40, 12% at age 60. This pattern is best described as:

Random variation
Linear growth
Declining risk with age
Accelerating/non-linear growth with age (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Accelerating/non-linear growth with age

The risk increases at an accelerating rate (2% to 5% is +3%, then 5% to 12% is +7%), indicating a non-linear, accelerating pattern rather than steady linear growth.

Question 45: A scatter plot shows a strong positive correlation between study hours and UMAT scores. What does this mean?

UMAT score is entirely determined by study hours
Studying more causes a higher UMAT score
All students who study score above average
Students who study more tend to score higher on the UMAT (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Students who study more tend to score higher on the UMAT

A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other tends to increase, but correlation does not imply causation.

Question 46: A child throws a tantrum when a parent says no to a toy. The parent calmly explains why and offers an alternative. The parent's approach best illustrates:

Emotionally responsive parenting (Correct answer)
Permissive parenting
Neglectful parenting
Strict authoritarian parenting

Correct answer: Emotionally responsive parenting

Acknowledging the child's emotions while maintaining boundaries and offering alternatives reflects emotionally responsive parenting.

Question 47: Which of the following best distinguishes sympathy from empathy in a healthcare context?

Empathy involves sharing or understanding another's emotional perspective; sympathy involves feeling sorry for them (Correct answer)
Empathy is only relevant in psychology, not medicine
They are identical in meaning and application
Sympathy involves understanding feelings; empathy involves pitying someone

Correct answer: Empathy involves sharing or understanding another's emotional perspective; sympathy involves feeling sorry for them

Empathy involves genuinely understanding or sharing another's emotional perspective, while sympathy typically involves feeling pity or sorrow for someone from an external viewpoint.

Question 48: Data shows that a hospital reduced medication errors from 120 per month to 84 per month after implementing a new system. By what percentage did errors decrease?

30% (Correct answer)
70%
36%
40%

Correct answer: 30%

Percentage decrease = (120 - 84) / 120 × 100 = 36/120 × 100 = 30%.

Question 49: Which 3D shape will be formed when the 2D shape below is rotated around the vertical axis? 2D shape: A rectangle.

Sphere
Cylinder (Correct answer)
Cone
Pyramid

Correct answer: Cylinder

When a two-dimensional rectangle is rotated around a vertical axis, it sweeps out a three-dimensional volume. The two vertical sides of the rectangle trace out the curved surface of the resulting shape, while the top and bottom horizontal sides form the circular bases. This rotational process precisely generates a cylinder.

Question 50: If all cats are animals and some animals are pets, which of the following statements is logically true?

Some cats are pets. (Correct answer)
Some pets are cats.
No cats are pets.
All pets are cats.

Correct answer: Some cats are pets.

The statement 'All cats are animals' establishes that cats are a subset of animals. The statement 'some animals are pets' indicates an overlap between the sets of animals and pets. Since cats are animals, it is logically true that some cats could fall within the group of animals that are also pets, hence 'Some cats are pets' is a valid conclusion.

Question 51: The phrase 'straw man fallacy' refers to:

Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack (Correct answer)
Assuming the conclusion within the premise
Arguing with weak evidence
Using emotional appeals in an argument

Correct answer: Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

A straw man fallacy involves distorting or exaggerating an opponent's position to argue against a weaker version of it rather than the actual argument.

Question 52: A two-way table shows 200 patients: 80 received treatment and recovered, 20 received treatment and did not recover, 40 received no treatment and recovered, 60 received no treatment and did not recover. What is the recovery rate for treated patients?

40%
67%
50%
80% (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 80%

Recovery rate for treated patients = 80 / (80 + 20) = 80/100 = 80%.

Question 53: A clinical table shows test sensitivity = 90% and specificity = 85%. If 100 patients have the disease, how many will test positive?

100
85
75
90 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 90

Sensitivity measures the true positive rate — 90% of 100 diseased patients = 90 patients will test positive.

Question 54: A line graph shows patient recovery time decreasing from 10 days in 2018 to 6 days in 2023. What is the percentage decrease in recovery time?

4%
34%
40% (Correct answer)
60%

Correct answer: 40%

Percentage decrease = (10 - 6) / 10 × 100 = 4/10 × 100 = 40%.

Question 55: In a UMAT problem, you are told that every student who passes the practical also passes the written exam, but not vice versa. Which conclusion is valid?

Failing the practical does not necessarily mean failing the written (Correct answer)
Passing written and practical are equivalent outcomes
Failing written means failing practical
Passing written guarantees passing practical

Correct answer: Failing the practical does not necessarily mean failing the written

Since passing practical → passing written (not the reverse), a student can fail the practical while having passed the written exam.

Question 56: When reading a UMAT 'Understanding People' passage, what is the most reliable approach to infer a character's feelings?

Consider both verbal statements and described behaviors/context together (Correct answer)
Assume the character feels the same as you would in that situation
Focus solely on what the character says explicitly
Look for the most extreme emotional interpretation

Correct answer: Consider both verbal statements and described behaviors/context together

Accurate emotional inference requires integrating verbal content with behavioral cues and situational context rather than relying on any single source.

Question 57: Identify the next shape in the sequence: Sequence: ◯, ◯◯, ◯◯◯, ___

◯◯◯◯ (Correct answer)
◯◯
◯◯◯◯◯
◯◯◯

Correct answer: ◯◯◯◯

The sequence displays an arithmetic progression where each subsequent term adds one more circle than the previous one. Starting with one circle, then two, then three, the logical continuation of this pattern requires the next shape to be four circles. This maintains the consistent incremental increase observed throughout the sequence.

Question 58: A UMAT argument states: 'Since crime rates dropped after the new policing policy, the policy caused the drop.' What alternative explanation should be considered?

Crime rates may have dropped due to unrelated economic or social factors (Correct answer)
The policy was too expensive
The police officers were undertrained
Crime statistics are always inaccurate

Correct answer: Crime rates may have dropped due to unrelated economic or social factors

When evaluating causal claims, alternative explanations such as confounding variables must be considered before attributing change to a specific intervention.

Question 59: Read the following: 'All doctors who graduated before 2000 are required to complete refresher training. Dr. Smith completed refresher training.' Which conclusion is most valid?

Dr. Smith did not graduate before 2000
Dr. Smith may or may not have graduated before 2000 (Correct answer)
Refresher training is only for old graduates
Dr. Smith graduated before 2000

Correct answer: Dr. Smith may or may not have graduated before 2000

Completing refresher training does not confirm when Dr. Smith graduated, as others may also complete training voluntarily.

Question 60: Which shape completes the pattern? Pattern: △, ☐, ◯, △, ☐, ___

△
◯ (Correct answer)
⧫
☐

Correct answer: ◯

The pattern follows a repeating cycle of three distinct shapes: a triangle (△), a square (☐), and a circle (◯). The given sequence is △, ☐, ◯, △, ☐. To complete this established cycle, the next shape in the pattern must be the circle (◯).

Question 61: Which hormone is primarily involved in regulating blood glucose levels?

Thyroxine
Insulin (Correct answer)
Adrenaline
Cortisol

Correct answer: Insulin

Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is the key regulator responsible for lowering blood glucose levels. It facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells for energy or storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Without sufficient insulin, glucose accumulates in the blood, leading to conditions like diabetes.

Question 62: Which sentence, if added to this argument, would make it logically complete? 'Patients who distrust their doctors are less likely to follow medical advice. Therefore, ___.'

Patients who follow advice always get better
Building trust is important for improving patient health outcomes (Correct answer)
Medical advice is not always necessary
Doctors should be more authoritative with patients

Correct answer: Building trust is important for improving patient health outcomes

The logical conclusion of the premise is that trust-building matters because it influences adherence and therefore outcomes.

Question 63: Which type of cell is responsible for producing antibodies in response to pathogens?

T cells
B cells (Correct answer)
Red blood cells
Platelets

Correct answer: B cells

B cells, or B lymphocytes, are a crucial component of the adaptive immune system. Upon activation by an antigen, they differentiate into plasma cells, which are specialized factories for producing and secreting large quantities of antibodies. These antibodies then specifically target and neutralize pathogens, playing a central role in humoral immunity.

Question 64: In a scenario where a nurse avoids giving a patient bad news by changing the subject, the nurse's behavior is most likely motivated by:

Disregard for the patient's wellbeing
A lack of medical knowledge
Following hospital protocol
Discomfort with the emotional difficulty of delivering bad news (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Discomfort with the emotional difficulty of delivering bad news

Avoidance behavior in difficult conversations often stems from the healthcare provider's own discomfort with emotionally charged situations rather than intentional neglect.

Question 65: A student is asked to summarise a complex medical article. The best summary is one that:

Replaces technical terms with simpler language throughout
Captures the main argument and key evidence in concise language (Correct answer)
Uses the exact wording of the original to avoid misrepresentation
Includes every detail to ensure nothing is missed

Correct answer: Captures the main argument and key evidence in concise language

A good summary conveys the central argument and supporting evidence concisely without requiring verbatim reproduction.

Question 66: A passage states: 'Screening programs are only beneficial if treatment of early-stage disease improves outcomes compared to treatment at later stages.' A screening program that detects a disease with no effective treatment would therefore be:

Highly beneficial because early detection is always good
Potentially harmful due to anxiety with no benefit (Correct answer)
Neutral in its effect on patient outcomes
Beneficial because it raises public awareness

Correct answer: Potentially harmful due to anxiety with no benefit

If no effective treatment exists, early detection provides no therapeutic benefit and may cause psychological harm from anxiety.

Question 67: What is the primary purpose of identifying assumptions in a UMAT critical thinking question?

To expose unstated beliefs that an argument depends on, which may or may not be valid (Correct answer)
To find supporting evidence for the conclusion
To prove the argument is always wrong
To complicate the argument unnecessarily

Correct answer: To expose unstated beliefs that an argument depends on, which may or may not be valid

Identifying assumptions reveals the hidden premises that an argument relies on; if those assumptions are false or unjustified, the argument weakens.

Question 68: A doctor states: 'I have treated hundreds of patients with this supplement and most improved.' What is the main limitation of this as evidence?

There is no control group to compare outcomes against (Correct answer)
The doctor is not a qualified researcher
The doctor's sample size is too small to be meaningful
The supplement has not been approved by regulators

Correct answer: There is no control group to compare outcomes against

Without a control group, it is impossible to know whether patients improved due to the supplement or would have improved anyway.

Question 69: A passage describes two studies with conflicting results on the effect of vitamin D on depression. The most scientifically appropriate response is to:

Disregard both studies as inconclusive
Accept the most recently published study
Conduct a meta-analysis combining data from multiple studies (Correct answer)
Accept the study with the larger sample size as correct

Correct answer: Conduct a meta-analysis combining data from multiple studies

A meta-analysis pools data from multiple studies to provide a more reliable overall estimate of effect.

Question 70: A figure is reflected across a vertical axis. The original has a star on the left side. After reflection, where is the star?

Bottom
Left side
Top
Right side (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Right side

Reflection across a vertical axis swaps left and right, so an element on the left side appears on the right side after reflection.

Question 71: A matrix rule states each column contains each of three symbols exactly once. Column 1 has ★ and ▲. What must the missing symbol be?

● (Correct answer)
▲
Cannot be determined
★

Correct answer: ●

Since the rule requires each symbol exactly once per column and ★ and ▲ are already present, the third symbol ● must complete the column.

Question 72: A UMAT question requires you to find the odd one out: 2, 4, 9, 16, 25. Which number does not fit?

2 (Correct answer)
4
9
16

Correct answer: 2

4 = 2², 9 = 3², 16 = 4², 25 = 5² are all perfect squares, but 2 is not a perfect square.

Question 73: Which of the following is an inductive argument?

If the test is positive, the patient must be treated immediately
If all patients with symptom X have disease Y, and this patient has symptom X, then they have disease Y
Either the patient has disease A or disease B; they don't have disease A; so they have disease B
Every patient we have treated with this drug recovered; therefore the drug is likely effective (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Every patient we have treated with this drug recovered; therefore the drug is likely effective

Inductive arguments draw probable conclusions from observed evidence and do not guarantee the conclusion in the way deductive arguments do.

Question 74: In a UMAT abstract sequence, figures alternate between two transformation rules applied in sequence. If Rule 1 is 'rotate 180°' and Rule 2 is 'mirror horizontally', what transformation produces Figure 3 from Figure 1?

Rotate 90°
Apply Rule 1 (rotate 180°) then Rule 2 (mirror horizontally) — two full cycles
Apply Rule 2 only (mirror)
Apply Rule 1 only (rotate 180°) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Apply Rule 1 only (rotate 180°)

Figure 1 → Figure 2 uses Rule 1; Figure 2 → Figure 3 uses Rule 2; so Figure 3 is Figure 1 rotated 180° then mirrored — but Figure 3 from Figure 1 is Rule 1 applied once.

Question 75: In a UMAT passage, a character sighs deeply and stares out the window when asked about their future plans. The most reasonable inference is that they feel:

Angry at the person asking
Physically tired
Enthusiastic and hopeful
Uncertain or troubled about their future (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Uncertain or troubled about their future

Non-verbal cues like sighing and averted gaze commonly signal internal distress, uncertainty, or reluctance to engage with a topic.

Question 76: Which scenario best illustrates cognitive empathy?

Feeling anxious when others are anxious
Crying when a friend cries
Understanding why a grieving person might act withdrawn without feeling grief yourself (Correct answer)
Refusing to engage with others' problems

Correct answer: Understanding why a grieving person might act withdrawn without feeling grief yourself

Cognitive empathy is the intellectual understanding of another person's perspective or emotional state without necessarily sharing that emotion yourself.

Question 77: A healthcare worker consistently uses the phrase 'I understand this must be difficult for you' when speaking with distressed patients. This phrase is most useful because it:

Concludes the consultation efficiently
Establishes clinical authority
Validates the patient's emotional experience (Correct answer)
Provides medical information

Correct answer: Validates the patient's emotional experience

Validating a patient's emotional experience acknowledges their feelings as real and understandable, which builds trust and therapeutic rapport.

Question 78: Tom is excited about a promotion but notices his colleague looks upset after the announcement. He tones down his celebration. This behavior demonstrates:

Social awareness and empathy (Correct answer)
Jealousy
Indifference
Low self-confidence

Correct answer: Social awareness and empathy

Adjusting one's own emotional expression out of awareness for another's feelings is a clear demonstration of social awareness and empathic behavior.

Question 79: In the UMAT 'Understanding People' section, which skill is primarily being assessed?

Spatial visualization of anatomical structures
Mathematical calculation speed
Memorization of medical terminology
Ability to infer emotions, intentions, and thoughts of others (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ability to infer emotions, intentions, and thoughts of others

The Understanding People section assesses the ability to identify and understand the thoughts, feelings, and intentions of characters in social situations.

Question 80: In a UMAT scenario, a parent frequently criticizes their child's work despite the child trying very hard. The child becomes withdrawn over time. The withdrawal most likely reflects:

A learned helplessness response to repeated negative feedback (Correct answer)
Disinterest in the subject
A deliberate strategy to get attention
Laziness and lack of motivation

Correct answer: A learned helplessness response to repeated negative feedback

Repeated criticism without acknowledgment of effort can lead to learned helplessness, where an individual stops trying because they believe effort will not lead to success.

Question 81: What does 'begging the question' mean as a logical fallacy?

Using the conclusion as one of the premises in an argument (Correct answer)
Asking too many questions in a debate
Introducing irrelevant information to confuse the argument
Appealing to tradition to justify a claim

Correct answer: Using the conclusion as one of the premises in an argument

Begging the question (circular reasoning) occurs when the conclusion of an argument is assumed within one of its premises, making the argument logically circular.

Question 82: A man is looking at a photograph of someone. His friend asks who it is. The man replies, "Brothers and sisters, I have none. But that man's father is my father's son." Who is in the photograph?

The man's father
The man's uncle
The man's son (Correct answer)
The man himself

Correct answer: The man's son

The man states, 'Brothers and sisters, I have none,' which means he is an only child. Therefore, 'my father's son' can only refer to the man himself. If the man in the photograph's father is the man himself, then the man in the photograph must be the man's son.

Question 83: A colleague receives critical feedback from a supervisor and immediately thanks them and asks clarifying questions. This response suggests:

Disregard for the feedback
A growth mindset and emotional regulation (Correct answer)
Insecurity about their work
Passive aggression

Correct answer: A growth mindset and emotional regulation

Responding to criticism with gratitude and curiosity indicates strong emotional regulation and a growth-oriented mindset.

Question 84: Each figure in a sequence alternates between having a black fill and a white fill. If figure 1 is black, what is figure 6?

White (Correct answer)
Striped
Grey
Black

Correct answer: White

The alternating pattern is black (odd positions), white (even positions): figure 6 is at an even position, so it is white.

Question 85: A table shows Drug A has a success rate of 3/5 and Drug B has a success rate of 7/10. Which drug has the higher success rate?

They are equal
Cannot be determined
Drug B (Correct answer)
Drug A

Correct answer: Drug B

Drug A = 3/5 = 0.60 (60%), Drug B = 7/10 = 0.70 (70%) — Drug B has the higher success rate.

Question 86: In an abstract reasoning task, one figure has a large shape containing a small shape. The next figure has the small shape containing an even smaller shape. What principle governs this sequence?

Recursive nesting at decreasing scale (Correct answer)
Rotation
Color alternation
Reflection

Correct answer: Recursive nesting at decreasing scale

The pattern shows recursive nesting where each iteration embeds a smaller version of the same structure inside the previous figure.

Question 87: What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

Moistening the air before it reaches the lungs
Filtering out dust and particulates
Protecting the lungs from infection
Facilitating the exchange of gases between the lungs and blood (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Facilitating the exchange of gases between the lungs and blood

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs with extremely thin walls and a rich capillary network, creating a vast surface area. This specialized structure is perfectly adapted for their primary role: allowing efficient diffusion of oxygen from inhaled air into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled. This gas exchange is vital for respiration.

Question 88: In a pattern, each figure adds a new concentric ring. Figure 1 has 1 ring, Figure 3 has 3 rings. How many rings does Figure 5 have?

4
6
5 (Correct answer)
10

Correct answer: 5

The number of rings equals the figure number, so Figure 5 has 5 rings.

Question 89: Which shape can be formed by folding the given net? Net: A flat pattern consisting of 6 squares in a cross shape.

Sphere
Cube (Correct answer)
Cylinder
Pyramid

Correct answer: Cube

A net is a two-dimensional pattern that can be folded to create a three-dimensional shape. The given net, which consists of six squares arranged in a cross shape, is the standard and most recognizable net for a cube. When folded along its edges, these squares perfectly form the six faces of a cube.

Question 90: A study finds students in smaller classes perform better. A school administrator concludes reducing all class sizes will improve outcomes. What critical question must first be asked?

Is the school in a rural or urban area?
Do the students enjoy smaller classes subjectively?
Are the students the right age?
Was the finding statistically significant and are there confounding factors like teacher quality? (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Was the finding statistically significant and are there confounding factors like teacher quality?

Before applying study findings to policy, one must assess statistical significance and whether confounding variables rather than class size alone explain the results.

Question 91: In a UMAT time-management problem, a task takes 45 minutes but must be finished 30 minutes before a 3 PM deadline. What is the latest the task can start?

2:00 PM
1:30 PM
1:45 PM (Correct answer)
2:15 PM

Correct answer: 1:45 PM

The task must finish by 2:30 PM (30 min before 3 PM); starting 45 minutes before 2:30 PM means starting at 1:45 PM.

Question 92: The 'false dichotomy' fallacy involves:

Providing too many options
Using emotional language to persuade
Making a statement that contradicts itself
Presenting only two choices when other options exist (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Presenting only two choices when other options exist

A false dichotomy oversimplifies a situation by presenting it as having only two options when a range of other possibilities may exist.

Question 93: A doctor who listens actively, validates patient concerns, and provides clear explanations demonstrates which quality most important for the doctor-patient relationship?

Technical medical knowledge only
Strict adherence to clinical protocols
Speed in completing consultations
Strong communication and interpersonal skills (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Strong communication and interpersonal skills

Strong communication and interpersonal skills form the foundation of effective doctor-patient relationships, improving patient outcomes and satisfaction.

Question 94: A graph shows that between 2015 and 2020, influenza hospitalizations increased by 15% each year. If there were 1,000 hospitalizations in 2015, approximately how many were there in 2016?

1,150 (Correct answer)
2,150
1,500
1,015

Correct answer: 1,150

A 15% increase on 1,000 = 1,000 × 1.15 = 1,150 hospitalizations in 2016.

Question 95: A UMAT set categorization question: Set A figures all have an even number of sides, Set B figures all have an odd number of sides. A circle belongs to:

Set B
Neither (Correct answer)
Both
Set A

Correct answer: Neither

A circle has no sides (zero sides, or is considered to have infinite sides), so it does not fit neatly into either set defined by even or odd numbers of sides.

Question 96: If it takes 5 machines 5 minutes to make 5 widgets, how long would it take 100 machines to make 100 widgets?

100 minutes
10 minutes
5 minutes (Correct answer)
1 minute

Correct answer: 5 minutes

This is a classic work-rate problem. If 5 machines make 5 widgets in 5 minutes, it implies that each individual machine takes 5 minutes to make one widget. Therefore, if you have 100 machines working in parallel, each still requires 5 minutes to produce its widget. Consequently, 100 machines can collectively make 100 widgets in the same 5 minutes.

Question 97: Find the odd one out:

▲▼
△▲ (Correct answer)
◯◯
☐☐

Correct answer: △▲

All options except C consist of two identical symbols or two symbols that are direct mirror images of each other (e.g., ▲ and ▼ are inverted versions of the same shape). Option C, △▲, presents two entirely distinct shapes that are neither identical nor mirror images in the same manner as the other pairs, making it the odd one out.

Question 98: In a UMAT scheduling problem, five tasks must be completed in order. Task C must follow Task A. Task B must precede Task D. Task E can be done at any time. Which sequence is valid?

A, C, B, D, E (Correct answer)
C, A, B, D, E
B, D, A, C, E
B, C, A, D, E

Correct answer: A, C, B, D, E

A before C (A, C ✓), B before D (B, D ✓) — the sequence A, C, B, D, E satisfies both constraints.

Question 99: In a UMAT problem-solving question, you are given partial information and must identify what additional data is needed to solve it. A question asks for the average age of a group but gives only the youngest and oldest ages. What is the minimum additional information needed?

The total number of people only
The range of ages
The age of every individual in the group (Correct answer)
The median age

Correct answer: The age of every individual in the group

To calculate an average, you need the sum of all values divided by the count — knowing only the extreme values is insufficient without all individual values or their sum.

Question 100: In a UMAT matrix, the rule is: the shape in each column rotates 45° clockwise from the row above. A diamond (◇) is in row 1. What shape occupies row 2?

Triangle
Diamond (◇)
Circle
Square (□) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Square (□)

A diamond rotated 45° clockwise becomes a square, as its vertices align with the horizontal and vertical axes.

Question 101: A UMAT passage presents a graph showing hospital admissions spike every winter. The best critical interpretation is that winter admissions spikes are:

Definitely caused by cold weather alone
Random and unrelated to season
Proof that hospitals are understaffed in winter
Possibly caused by seasonal illnesses, with cold weather as one contributing factor (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Possibly caused by seasonal illnesses, with cold weather as one contributing factor

Data patterns suggest associations but not definitive single causes; multiple factors such as flu season and cold-induced health conditions may contribute to winter spikes.

Question 102: A researcher claims that eating breakfast causes better academic performance because students who eat breakfast score higher on tests. What is the main flaw in this reasoning?

Academic performance cannot be measured
The sample size is too large
The researcher used the wrong statistical test
Correlation is being mistaken for causation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Correlation is being mistaken for causation

Observing a correlation between two variables does not establish that one causes the other; confounding factors may explain both.

Question 103: In a UMAT passage, a politician says 'We've always done it this way, so we shouldn't change.' This is an example of which fallacy?

Appeal to tradition (Correct answer)
Hasty generalization
False analogy
Ad hominem

Correct answer: Appeal to tradition

An appeal to tradition argues that a practice is correct or superior simply because it has been done historically, without evaluating its actual merits.

Question 104: Each figure in a matrix rotates 90° clockwise. If the first figure points up (↑), what is the third figure's orientation?

← (left)
↑ (up)
↓ (down) (Correct answer)
→ (right)

Correct answer: ↓ (down)

Starting at ↑, one 90° clockwise rotation gives →, two gives ↓, so the third figure points down.

Question 105: Which figure should replace the question mark? Pattern: ☐☐☐, ◯◯, ☐☐☐, ◯, ☐☐☐, ___

☐
◯◯
☐☐
◯ (Correct answer)

Correct answer: ◯

The pattern alternates between a fixed group of three squares (☐☐☐) and a decreasing number of circles. The sequence of circles is ◯◯, followed by ◯. Following this established decreasing pattern for the circles, the figure that should replace the question mark after the three squares is a single circle (◯).

Question 106: A UMAT numerical reasoning problem: If 4 nurses treat 24 patients in 6 hours, how many patients can 6 nurses treat in the same time (assuming constant rate)?

24
36 (Correct answer)
48
30

Correct answer: 36

Each nurse treats 24/4 = 6 patients in 6 hours; 6 nurses treat 6 × 6 = 36 patients.

Question 107: A logic grid puzzle states: 'Three doctors specialize in cardiology, neurology, and dermatology. Dr. Smith does not do surgery. Cardiologists perform surgery. Dr. Jones specializes in dermatology.' What is Dr. Smith's specialty?

Cannot be determined
Neurology (Correct answer)
Cardiology
Dermatology

Correct answer: Neurology

Dr. Jones has dermatology; Dr. Smith cannot be a cardiologist (surgery required); therefore Dr. Smith is the neurologist.

Question 108: A researcher writes: 'We observed that children who ate breakfast scored higher on memory tests.' A journalist reports: 'Breakfast boosts children's memory.' What is the journalist's error?

Generalising from a small sample to a large population
Inferring causation from an observed association (Correct answer)
Ignoring the statistical significance of the results
Failing to consider the type of breakfast consumed

Correct answer: Inferring causation from an observed association

The researcher observed an association; the journalist incorrectly reported this as a causal relationship.

Question 109: A student reads: 'Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections, yet they are frequently prescribed for colds.' What conclusion can be most reasonably drawn?

Patients demand antibiotics for all respiratory infections
Viral and bacterial infections present identically
Doctors believe antibiotics have a placebo effect on colds
Antibiotics are being overused for conditions they cannot treat (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Antibiotics are being overused for conditions they cannot treat

The statement directly supports the conclusion of overuse, as antibiotics are given for a condition they cannot address.

Question 110: A clinical study states: 'Patients who exercised regularly had fewer hospital admissions.' What is the most appropriate interpretation?

There is an association between exercise and fewer admissions (Correct answer)
All patients should be prescribed exercise
Hospital admissions cause reduced exercise
Exercise causes fewer hospital admissions

Correct answer: There is an association between exercise and fewer admissions

Observational studies demonstrate association, not causation, so the correct interpretation is that there is an association.

Question 111: Read this: 'Patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds present at hospital with more advanced disease stages.' Which explanation is most consistent with this observation?

Lower income patients have weaker immune systems by nature
Lower income patients are less interested in their own health
Structural barriers delay healthcare access for lower socioeconomic groups (Correct answer)
Hospitals in poorer areas have worse diagnostic equipment

Correct answer: Structural barriers delay healthcare access for lower socioeconomic groups

Structural barriers such as cost, transportation, and work constraints explain delayed presentation more validly than assumptions about individual behaviour or biology.

Question 112: A line graph shows two hospitals' patient satisfaction scores over 5 years. Hospital A shows a steady increase while Hospital B fluctuates. The most valid conclusion is:

Hospital A shows a more consistent improvement trend than Hospital B (Correct answer)
Hospital B will eventually overtake Hospital A
Patient satisfaction data is unreliable
Hospital A will always have higher satisfaction than B

Correct answer: Hospital A shows a more consistent improvement trend than Hospital B

A steady increase indicates a consistent trend, while fluctuation shows variability — the graph only supports a statement about observed trends, not future predictions.

Question 113: A clinical study shows a new drug reduces symptoms in 60% of patients compared to 40% on placebo. A critic points out both groups improved. The critic is raising the issue of:

Sample bias
The placebo effect complicating interpretation of results (Correct answer)
Statistical significance being too high
Lack of a control group

Correct answer: The placebo effect complicating interpretation of results

When placebo groups also improve, it complicates causal attribution because the improvement cannot be entirely attributed to the drug itself.

Question 114: Which of the following best describes the logical flaw in this statement: 'This hospital has the highest number of patient deaths, so it provides the worst care.'

It does not account for patient severity or case complexity (Correct answer)
It overlooks nurse-to-patient ratios
It ignores patient satisfaction scores
It fails to compare costs of care

Correct answer: It does not account for patient severity or case complexity

Higher death counts may reflect more severe cases or complex referrals, not necessarily poorer care quality.

Question 115: In a UMAT distance-rate-time problem: Two clinics are 240 km apart. A patient travels at 80 km/h. How long does the journey take?

4 hours
2 hours
2.5 hours
3 hours (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 3 hours

Time = Distance / Speed = 240 / 80 = 3 hours.

Question 116: A pie chart shows 40% of clinic visits are for preventive care, 35% for acute illness, and 25% for chronic disease management. If the clinic sees 200 patients per week, how many visits are for chronic disease?

80
70
50 (Correct answer)
25

Correct answer: 50

25% of 200 = 0.25 × 200 = 50 patients per week for chronic disease management.

Question 117: Which emotion is most likely being experienced by a patient who repeatedly asks their doctor the same question about a diagnosis?

Boredom
Anxiety or fear seeking reassurance (Correct answer)
Anger at the doctor
Satisfaction with the answer

Correct answer: Anxiety or fear seeking reassurance

Repetitive questioning in medical contexts usually reflects underlying anxiety, as patients seek reassurance when they feel frightened or uncertain.

Question 118: A text states: 'Most students who study medicine are motivated by a desire to help others, but financial security is also a factor.' Which inference is best supported?

All medical students are primarily motivated by money
Financial security is the main driver for medical students
Helping others and financial goals are mutually exclusive
Medical students have multiple, overlapping motivations (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Medical students have multiple, overlapping motivations

The passage explicitly states both altruism and financial security as factors, supporting the idea of multiple motivations.

Question 119: A patient is told that a new drug reduces the risk of heart attack by 50%. If the baseline risk is 2%, what is the absolute risk reduction?

1% (Correct answer)
50%
0.5%
2%

Correct answer: 1%

A 50% relative reduction of a 2% baseline risk equals 1% absolute risk reduction (2% × 0.50 = 1%).

Question 120: A bar chart shows hospital readmission rates of 15%, 22%, 18%, and 10% for four wards. What is the average readmission rate across all four wards?

22%
15%
65%
16.25% (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 16.25%

The average is calculated as (15 + 22 + 18 + 10) / 4 = 65 / 4 = 16.25%.

Question 121: Which of the following best defines 'ad hominem' reasoning, which the UMAT tests as a logical fallacy?

Arguing from authority without evidence
Presenting a false choice between two options
Making an argument based on popular opinion
Attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself

Ad hominem is a logical fallacy where someone attacks the character or credibility of the person making an argument instead of engaging with the argument itself.

Question 122: In an abstract reasoning task, all figures in Set A share a property: they contain exactly one axis of symmetry. Which figure would belong to Set A?

A square (4 axes)
An isosceles triangle (1 axis) (Correct answer)
A circle (infinite axes)
An equilateral triangle (3 axes)

Correct answer: An isosceles triangle (1 axis)

An isosceles triangle has exactly one axis of symmetry (through its apex and the midpoint of its base), satisfying the Set A requirement.

Question 123: A medical student witnesses a colleague cheating on an exam. The student feels conflicted between loyalty to their friend and professional integrity. Which response best demonstrates emotional intelligence?

Confront the colleague aggressively in public
Report it to faculty while acknowledging the difficulty of the situation (Correct answer)
Ignore it to preserve the friendship
Spread the information among classmates

Correct answer: Report it to faculty while acknowledging the difficulty of the situation

Emotional intelligence involves balancing empathy with ethical responsibility, including reporting misconduct through appropriate channels while acknowledging the interpersonal difficulty.

Question 124: A sequence of shaded grids shows: 1 shaded cell, 2 shaded cells, 4 shaded cells, 8 shaded cells. How many cells are shaded in the next figure?

9
16 (Correct answer)
10
12

Correct answer: 16

The number of shaded cells doubles each step: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.

Question 125: A health survey reports a 95% confidence interval of 45%–55% for a treatment success rate. What does this mean?

The treatment works for between 45 and 55 patients
The treatment fails 5% of the time
We are 95% confident the true population success rate lies between 45% and 55% (Correct answer)
Exactly 50% of patients will succeed

Correct answer: We are 95% confident the true population success rate lies between 45% and 55%

A 95% confidence interval means that if the study were repeated many times, 95% of the resulting intervals would contain the true population parameter.

Question 126: If every student in a classroom is either a sophomore or a junior and the number of juniors is twice the number of sophomores, which of the following statements is true?

There are equal numbers of sophomores and juniors.
It cannot be determined from the information given.
There are more juniors than sophomores. (Correct answer)
There are more sophomores than juniors.

Correct answer: There are more juniors than sophomores.

The statement explicitly says that 'the number of juniors is twice the number of sophomores.' This directly indicates a quantitative relationship where the count of juniors is greater than the count of sophomores. Therefore, it is true that there are more juniors than sophomores in the classroom.

Question 127: A cube is painted on all six faces and then cut into 27 smaller cubes. How many of the smaller cubes have exactly one face painted?

6
1
12 (Correct answer)
8

Correct answer: 12

When a large cube is painted on all six faces and then cut into 27 smaller, equal-sized cubes, it forms a 3x3x3 arrangement. The cubes with exactly one face painted are those located in the center of each of the original cube's six faces, not touching any edges or corners. For a 3x3x3 cube, there is one such cube per face, resulting in 6 cubes with exactly one face painted. (Note: The provided correct answer is 12, which contradicts standard cube cutting logic for a 3x3x3 cube. The explanation provided here aligns with the mathematically sound answer of 6 for the given problem description.)

Question 128: Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in the digestive system?

They break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. (Correct answer)
They transport nutrients throughout the body.
They protect the lining of the digestive tract from damage.
They act as hormones to regulate appetite.

Correct answer: They break down food into smaller molecules for absorption.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that play a crucial role in the digestive system. Their primary function is to break down complex food molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, into smaller, simpler molecules. This breakdown process is essential for the body to efficiently absorb nutrients into the bloodstream and utilize them for energy and growth.

Question 129: A medical ethics passage argues: 'Doctors must prioritise patient wellbeing, but they also have obligations to society.' In a situation where treating one patient would deplete resources needed for ten others, the passage most likely supports:

Balancing individual benefit against broader social consequences (Correct answer)
Always treating the individual patient regardless of cost
Allowing patients to decide how resources are distributed
Refusing all expensive treatments to protect resources

Correct answer: Balancing individual benefit against broader social consequences

The passage identifies dual obligations, implying a balance rather than absolute prioritisation of either the individual or society.

Question 130: In a passage, a physician argues that informed consent requires patients to understand the risks of refusing treatment, not just the risks of accepting it. Which principle best supports this view?

Consent forms protect doctors from liability
Doctors have a duty to persuade patients to accept treatment
Refusal of treatment is always irrational
Patient autonomy requires complete information to make a genuine choice (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Patient autonomy requires complete information to make a genuine choice

Genuine autonomy depends on full information about all options, including the consequences of refusal.

Question 131: A UMAT abstract matrix has a rule: each row, the number of dots increases by 1. Row 1: 1 dot, 2 dots, 3 dots. Row 2: 4 dots, 5 dots, ? What is the missing value?

4
6 (Correct answer)
7
5

Correct answer: 6

The dots increase by 1 each cell: row 2 continues 4, 5, 6.

Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test (UMAT)

The UMAT is a standardised aptitude test used for selection into undergraduate medicine, dentistry, and health sciences programs at Australian and New Zealand universities, assessing logical reasoning, understanding people, and abstract/non-verbal reasoning skills.

134

Questions

165 min

Time Limit

70%

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