General Knowledge Flashcards

Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Answer: Hypertension

Hypertension (high blood pressure) damages arterial walls over time, significantly increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.

What does the term 'epidemiology' refer to?

Answer: The study of distribution and determinants of health events in populations

Epidemiology examines how diseases are distributed across populations and what factors determine that distribution.

Which of the following correctly defines 'mortality rate'?

Answer: The proportion of individuals with a disease who die from it

Mortality rate (case fatality rate) is the proportion of people who die from a disease among all confirmed cases.

A patient has a fractured femur. Which part of the body is affected?

Answer: Thigh

The femur is the thigh bone — the longest and strongest bone in the human body, located between the hip and knee.

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis

In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovial lining of joints, causing chronic inflammation.

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer: Regulation of body temperature, hunger, and hormone release

The hypothalamus is the brain's control centre for homeostasis, regulating temperature, hunger, thirst, and the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

Which of the following best describes a 'systemic' effect of a drug?

Answer: A widespread effect throughout the body via the bloodstream

A systemic effect occurs when a drug enters the bloodstream and acts throughout the body, in contrast to a localised effect.