Decision Making Flashcards

A ward has 4 nurses covering 3 shifts (morning, afternoon, night) over a 7-day week. Each nurse works 5 shifts per week. How many total nurse-shifts are available per week?

Answer: 20

4 nurses × 5 shifts each = 20 nurse-shifts available per week.

If all of the following are true, which conclusion is logically valid? (1) Every student who passes the UCAT gets an interview. (2) Sam did not get an interview.

Answer: Sam did not pass the UCAT

By modus tollens, if passing UCAT guarantees an interview and Sam has no interview, Sam did not pass the UCAT.

A clinical trial reports a relative risk reduction of 50% for Drug Y vs placebo. The absolute risk in the placebo group was 4%. What is the absolute risk reduction?

Answer: 2%

Absolute risk reduction = 50% of 4% = 2%; the drug reduces absolute risk from 4% to 2%.

A doctor discovers a colleague is practising while impaired by alcohol. The doctor confronts the colleague who promises to stop. The most appropriate next step is to:

Answer: Report immediately to the hospital's medical director or appropriate authority

Patient safety requires reporting impaired colleagues to the appropriate authority regardless of personal assurances.

In a group of 60 people: 35 drink coffee, 25 drink tea, and 10 drink both. How many drink neither?

Answer: 10

Using inclusion-exclusion: 35 + 25 − 10 = 50 drink at least one; 60 − 50 = 10 drink neither.

A graph shows hospital readmission rates across 5 wards. Ward C has twice the readmission rate of Ward A but half the rate of Ward E. If Ward A's rate is 6%, what is Ward E's rate?

Answer: 24%

Ward C = 2 × 6% = 12%; Ward E = 2 × Ward C = 2 × 12% = 24%.

Some athletes are vegetarian. All vegetarians consume plant-based protein. Which conclusion must follow?

Answer: Some athletes consume plant-based protein

Since some athletes are vegetarian and all vegetarians consume plant-based protein, those particular athletes must consume it.