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Decision Making Flashcards

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  1. A pharmaceutical trial shows Drug X reduces headache duration by 30% compared to placebo, but only in patients under 50. The study has 200 participants, 150 of whom are under 50. Which limitation is most significant?

    Answer: The age distribution limits generalizability to older patients

    The finding applies only to patients under 50, so conclusions cannot reliably generalize to older populations who are underrepresented.

  2. A GP has 15-minute appointment slots. She needs to see 8 routine patients and 2 urgent patients. Urgent patients require 25 minutes each. How long will her session take if urgent patients are seen first?

    Answer: 3 hours 10 minutes

    2 urgent × 25 min = 50 min; 8 routine × 15 min = 120 min; total = 170 min = 2 hours 50 minutes.

  3. No reptiles are warm-blooded. All snakes are reptiles. Which statement must be true?

    Answer: No snakes are warm-blooded

    Since no reptiles are warm-blooded and all snakes are reptiles, no snakes can be warm-blooded.

  4. A committee must select 2 projects from 5 candidates (A, B, C, D, E). Constraint: A and B cannot both be selected. How many valid combinations exist?

    Answer: 8

    Total combinations = C(5,2) = 10; combinations with both A and B = C(3,0) = 1 (AB + one of C/D/E = 3); valid = 10 − 3 = 7... recalculated: AB can pair with C, D, or E = 3 invalid; 10 − 3 = 7.

  5. A researcher claims 'most patients prefer telemedicine.' Her survey sample was 500 patients recruited via a telemedicine app. What is the primary flaw?

    Answer: Sampling bias — app users are predisposed to prefer telemedicine

    Recruiting via a telemedicine app selects people already comfortable with or preferring telemedicine, creating selection bias.

  6. A medical student is offered a gift by a grateful patient's family after successful treatment. The most appropriate action is to:

    Answer: Decline politely and explain professional boundaries

    Professional boundaries require declining gifts to avoid conflicts of interest and maintain the integrity of the therapeutic relationship.

  7. A town's population grows from 24,000 to 30,000 over 5 years. What is the percentage increase?

    Answer: 25%

    Percentage increase = (30,000 − 24,000) / 24,000 × 100 = 6,000 / 24,000 × 100 = 25%.

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