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TOPIK Korean Pronunciation and Phonology Flashcards

6 cards from real TOPIK practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. How many basic vowels are in the Korean alphabet (Hangul)?

    Answer: 10

    There are 10 basic vowels in Hangul.

  2. What is the Korean phonological process called when ㄱ, ㄷ, or ㅂ become nasal sounds before ㄴ or ㅁ?

    Answer: Nasalization (비음화)

    Nasalization (비음화) converts stop consonants ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ to [ㅇ], [ㄴ], [ㅁ] respectively before nasal consonants.

  3. Which sound change explains why '같이' is pronounced [가치] in Korean?

    Answer: Palatalization (구개음화)

    Palatalization (구개음화) causes ㄷ or ㅌ before the vowel ㅣ to shift to [ㅈ] or [ㅊ].

  4. In Hangul, what is the placeholder consonant used when a syllable begins with a vowel sound?

    Answer: ㅇ

    ㅇ is used as a silent placeholder in the initial position of a syllable that starts with a vowel.

  5. Korean has three series of stops and affricates — plain, aspirated, and tensed. Which series produces the 'pp' sound as in 빠르다?

    Answer: Tensed (경음)

    The tensed (경음) series, written with double consonants like ㅃ, produces the tense 'pp' sound.

  6. What is the term for the rule that makes ㅂ pronounced as [m] in '합니다'?

    Answer: Nasalization

    Nasalization (비음화) changes the final ㅂ of 합 to [m] before the nasal ㄴ of 니다, yielding [함니다].

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Sources & references

Exam facts on this page (fees, format, dates, passing scores) are checked against these official sources; the date is our last check. Editorial policy

  1. niied.go.kr — Exam information · verified Oct 2026
  2. topik.go.kr — Test delivery, eligibility, exam format, passing score, time limit, fees, score validity · verified Oct 2026