TEXES 161 Study Guide 2026

Self-determination includes self-advocacy, self-awareness, goal-setting, and decision-making skills that are critical for students with disabilities to succeed in adult life.

IDEA requires that students receiving special education services be reevaluated at least every three years (triennial evaluation) to determine continued eligibility.

Self-monitoring is a strategy where students track their own behavior or attention using a checklist or recording system to build awareness and self-regulation.

Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is a framework that emphasizes proactive strategies and positive reinforcement to teach and encourage appropriate behaviors. Instead of solely relying on punishment, PBIS focuses on clearly defining behavioral expectations, teaching those expectations, and consistently rewarding students for meeting them. This approach aims to create a positive school climate and prevent problem behaviors before they occur.

A replacement behavior is a socially appropriate alternative that serves the same function as the problem behavior, making it equally effective for the student to use.

Screen readers are computer access tools that convert text to synthesized speech, enabling individuals with visual impairments to independently access digital content.