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Second Language Acquisition Flashcards

7 cards from real TEFL practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Second Language Acquisition flashcards as text

  1. What is the difference between 'acquisition' and 'learning' in Krashen's theory?

    Answer: Acquisition is subconscious and natural; learning is conscious and explicit

    Krashen distinguishes between acquisition (implicit, natural process like L1 development) and learning (explicit, rule-conscious process from instruction).

  2. The Critical Period Hypothesis suggests that:

    Answer: There is a biologically determined window for achieving native-like L2 proficiency

    The Critical Period Hypothesis, associated with Lenneberg, proposes that there is an optimal developmental window (ending around puberty) for achieving native-like language acquisition.

  3. Which type of motivation describes a learner who wants to learn English to integrate into an English-speaking community?

    Answer: Integrative motivation

    Integrative motivation (Gardner & Lambert) refers to a desire to learn a language to connect with and become part of the target language community.

  4. What is 'overgeneralization' in second language learning?

    Answer: Applying a target-language rule too broadly, beyond its correct scope

    Overgeneralization occurs when learners apply a rule to irregular or exceptional cases (e.g., 'goed' instead of 'went') by extending a pattern too broadly.

  5. According to sociocultural theory, language learning is primarily viewed as:

    Answer: A social and interactive process mediated by tools and people

    Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes that language acquisition is embedded in social interaction and mediated by cultural tools, including language itself.

  6. Which of the following best describes 'instrumental motivation' in language learning?

    Answer: Learning a language for a practical purpose such as getting a job

    Instrumental motivation is driven by practical, functional reasons such as career advancement, passing a test, or accessing academic resources.

  7. What is the primary argument of the 'Output Hypothesis' proposed by Merrill Swain?

    Answer: Producing output pushes learners to notice gaps and develop accuracy

    Swain's Output Hypothesis argues that producing language — not just receiving input — is essential because it forces learners to notice gaps and process language more deeply.