Question 1: What Are We Saving Through Daylight Saving Time? (1) Daylight Saving Time is observed by western nations including the United States of America and the European Union every year. Although many nations observe Daylight Saving Time in different ways, they all usually adhere to the same principle. Everyone changes their clocks throughout the summer so that there is an hour more of sunlight in the evening than there would have been in the morning. Even more bizarre than this practice is the fact that most individuals don't know why Daylight Saving Time exists. People advance their clocks by one hour each March, then sometimes for no reason at all, turn them back one hour in November. (2) The majority of people only know that Benjamin Franklin first advocated Daylight Saving Time as a concept. Franklin did suggest the notion in 1784, but the United States didn't implement Daylight Saving Time until 1918—more than a century after his passing—after other European nations had already accepted the practice. Franklin's notion was well received in Europe, but no one gave it much thought until an English builder named William Willet put it up in a pamphlet in 1907. Another fact regarding Daylight Saving Time that many appear to "know" is that it was instituted to benefit farmers. Nobody appears to be aware of how that precisely works. The real explanation behind Daylight Saving Time is considerably more straightforward and innocent than that. (3) People would have more time in the evening to be outside in the sunlight because Daylight Saving Time was implemented. Why squander that lovely sunlight in the morning hours while everyone is asleep? Experts have argued for the benefits of daylight saving time ever since it was implemented in America 100 years ago. Numerous experts claim that it lowers the nation's energy bills. This is accurate, although the energy we conserve at this time is only a tiny fraction (perhaps 1%). Others contend that having more daylight in the evening keeps us safer and lowers our risk of suffering injuries in accidents. However, studies have revealed that our internal clocks do not change smoothly, which causes an increase in heart attacks, strokes, and traffic accidents every March. Why then do we continue to do it each year? (4) Once more, the response to this query is a straightforward and charming one: We enjoy it. The initial purpose of daylight saving time, which is still observed today, was to offer people an extra hour of daylight in the evening. Daylight Saving Time won't end as long as people love having that extra hour in the evening. Why may it be incorrect to assert that Daylight Saving Time was invented by Ben Franklin?

• Even though Ben Franklin may have been the first to propose Daylight Saving Time, America didn't embrace it until more than a century later and based it on a European custom. (Correct answer)
• Ben Franklin was actually opposed to the idea of Daylight Saving Time when America intended to implement it.
• There is no mention in history books that Ben Franklin suggested Daylight Saving Time.
• Ben Franklin was born one hundred years after Daylight Saving Time began in the United States.

Correct answer: Even though Ben Franklin may have been the first to propose Daylight Saving Time, America didn't embrace it until more than a century later and based it on a European custom.

Paragraph 2 clarifies that while Benjamin Franklin "did suggest the notion in 1784," the United States did not implement Daylight Saving Time until 1918, more than a century after his death. Furthermore, America's adoption was influenced by other European nations that had already accepted the practice. Thus, Franklin proposed the idea, but he did not invent or implement the system that America eventually embraced.

Question 2: 13 ÷ 5 = ?

• None of these
• 3 R 2
• 2 R 6
• 2 R 4
• 2 R 3 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 2 R 3

To divide 13 by 5, determine how many times 5 fits into 13 without exceeding it. 5 goes into 13 two times (2 x 5 = 10). The remainder is then calculated by subtracting this product from the original number: 13 - 10 = 3. Thus, the result is 2 with a remainder of 3.

Question 3: If you invest $10,000 at an annual rate of 7%, how much interest will you earn after one year?

• $700 (Correct answer)
• $7
• $70
• $10,700

Correct answer: $700

To calculate the interest earned, use the simple interest formula: Interest = Principal × Rate × Time. The principal is $10,000, the annual rate is 7% (or 0.07 as a decimal), and the time is 1 year. Multiplying these values ($10,000 × 0.07 × 1) yields an interest of $700.

Question 4: There are 12 women, 8 teenagers, and 5 teenage women in a dinner group of 20. How many men who are not teenagers are present at the party?

• 7
• 3
• 9
• 5 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 5

First, determine the number of people who are either women or teenagers. There are 12 women, and 8 teenagers, with 5 being both. So, 12 (women) + (8-5) (teenagers who are not women) = 12 + 3 = 15 people who are either women or teenagers. Since the total group is 20 people, subtract these 15 people from the total to find the number of men who are not teenagers: 20 - 15 = 5.

Question 5: N is the result of adding two numbers. What would be three times the other number if one of the numbers were 6?

• 3(𝑁+6)
• (𝑁−2)
• 3𝑁
• 3(𝑁−6) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 3(𝑁−6)

Let the two numbers be 'x' and 'y'. Their sum is N, so x + y = N. If one number is 6 (let x = 6), then 6 + y = N. To find the other number (y), subtract 6 from N, so y = N - 6. The question asks for three times the other number, which is 3 multiplied by (N - 6), or 3(N - 6).

Question 6: Carpet costs $3 per square yard. The room that will be carpeted is 12 feet x 18 feet. How much will the carpet cost?

• $648
• $72 (Correct answer)
• $324
• $216

Correct answer: $72

First, calculate the area of the room in square feet: 12 feet * 18 feet = 216 square feet. Since carpet is priced per square yard and 1 yard equals 3 feet, 1 square yard equals 9 square feet. Convert the room's area to square yards by dividing 216 by 9, which gives 24 square yards. Finally, multiply the total square yards by the cost per square yard ($3) to get the total cost of $72.

Question 7: Read the entire sentence. There was a great moment during ______ show. Which word completes the statement correctly?

• yesterdays
• yesterdayes
• yesterday's (Correct answer)
• yesterdaye’s

Correct answer: yesterday's

The word 'yesterday's' is the correct possessive form, indicating that the show belongs to or occurred on 'yesterday.' The apostrophe followed by 's' ('s) is used to show possession for singular nouns. Options A, B, and D are incorrect spellings or misuses of the apostrophe, failing to form the possessive correctly.

Question 8: Violent Ways (1) When it comes to their passion of sports, the modern world is experiencing a bit of an identity crisis. We are concerned about sports violence at one end of the spectrum. The possibility of head trauma in football worries us. We are concerned that by concentrating so intensely on one sport so young, our kids' bodies are suffering. We contend that in order to protect our athletes, we must modify our current systems. However, violent sports like mixed martial arts are now more popular than ever. How do we account for our seemingly contradictory attitudes about athletes? Why do people get upset when a quarterback is hit too hard yet applaud when a fighter passes out on the mat like a dead tree? (2) The response to these queries is both straightforward and intricate. The short explanation is that a sport like mixed martial arts, which involves two individuals fighting in a ring, is meant to be violent. The movement of the ball from one area to the next is the focus of football, on the other hand. It would be incredibly naive to claim that football is not about violence, though. The issue becomes more challenging at that point. What remains when we take football's brutality out? (3) It plays to our human nature, which is the more nuanced and melancholy explanation for why we can't seem to decide whether or not we want violence. Players are the new gladiators, and the football field is the new Colosseum. The instinct for survival is one of the strongest in humans. The fact that we are naturally drawn to those in danger and their struggle for existence makes us amused when they are in danger. We don't want to see people suffer, but that doesn't make us wicked. But we want to see people getting hit. (4) The issue is that violence in sports has no clear-cut answer. At the same time, we desire it and don't want it. It appears that our culture has opted to permit it in some contexts where we believe it belongs, such as mixed martial arts, while decrying it in others, such as football. Football supporters are concerned about what will happen to the sport in the next years as more stories of brain injuries emerge. But it's most probable that nothing will alter. We will debate the need for action over supper, go to the Colosseum to support each major victory, and then return home. Part A Which of the following best captures the author's assertion regarding how society views sports violence?

• People are unsure of their feelings on sports violence based on the popularity of various sports. (Correct answer)
• People will eventually come to favor sports without any potentially dangerous violent behaviors.
• Good people are opposed to athletes being injured, which is why they reject sports violence.
• The government should create law that prohibits excessive sports violence as a straightforward solution to the issue.

Correct answer: People are unsure of their feelings on sports violence based on the popularity of various sports.

The passage highlights society's 'identity crisis' and 'seemingly contradictory attitudes' towards sports violence. It contrasts concerns about head trauma in football with the rising popularity of violent sports like mixed martial arts. This demonstrates that people hold conflicting views and are uncertain about their stance on violence, depending on the specific sport or context.

Question 9: 9/11 - 5/11 = ?

• 4/11 (Correct answer)
• None of these
• 4
• 5/11
• 4/0

Correct answer: 4/11

When subtracting fractions with the same denominator, you simply subtract the numerators and keep the denominator unchanged. For 9/11 - 5/11, you subtract 5 from 9 to get 4, while the denominator remains 11. Therefore, the difference is 4/11.

Question 10: The following passage is from a discussion of various ways that living creatures have been classified over the years. The world can be classified in different ways, depending on one's interests and principles of clas- sification. The classifications (also known as Line taxonomies) in turn determine which comparisons 5 seem natural or unnatural, which literal or analog- ical. For example, it has been common to classify living creatures into three distinct groups—plants, animals, and humans. According to this classifica- tion, human beings are not a special kind of 10 animal, nor animals a special kind of plant. Thus any comparisons between the three groups are strictly analogical. Reasoning from inheritance in garden peas to inheritance in fruit flies, and from these two species to inheritance in human beings, 15 is sheer poetic metaphor. Another mode of classifying living creatures is commonly attributed to Aristotle. Instead of treat- ing plants, animals, and humans as distinct groups, they are nested. All living creatures 20 possess a vegetative soul that enables them to grow and metabolize. Of these, some also have a sensory soul that enables them to sense their envi- ronments and move. One species also has a rational soul that is capable of true understanding. 25 Thus, human beings are a special sort of animal, and animals are a special sort of plant. Given this classification, reasoning from human beings to all other species with respect to the attributes of the vegetative soul is legitimate, reasoning from 30 human beings to other animals with respect to the attributes of the sensory soul is also legitimate, but reasoning from the rational characteristics of the human species to any other species is merely analogical. According to both classifications, the 35 human species is unique. In the first, it has a king- dom all to itself; in the second, it stands at the pinnacle of the taxonomic hierarchy. Homo sapiens is unique. All species are. But this sort of uniqueness is not enough for many 40 (probably most) people, philosophers included. For some reason, it is very important that the species to which we belong be uniquely unique. It is of utmost importance that the human species be insulated from all other species with respect to 45 how we explain certain qualities. Human beings clearly are capable of developing and learning languages. For some reason, it is very important that the waggle dance performed by bees * not count as a genuine language. I have never been 50 able to understand why. I happen to think that the waggle dance differs from human languages to such a degree that little is gained by terming them both "languages," but even if "language" is so defined that the waggle dance slips in, bees still 55 remain bees. It is equally important to some that no other species use tools. No matter how inge- nious other species get in the manipulation of objects in their environment, it is absolutely essential that nothing they do count as "tool use." 60 I, however, fail to see what difference it makes whether any of these devices such as probes and anvils, etc. are really tools. All the species involved remain distinct biological species no matter what decisions are made. Similar observa- 65 tions hold for rationality and anything a computer might do. In the third paragraph, the author criticizes those who believe that

• the similarities between Homo sapiens and other species are more significant than their differences
• the differences between Homo sapiens and other animals are those of degree, not kind
• Homo sapiens and other organisms can be arranged in Aristotelian nested groups
• Homo sapiens and animals have the ability to control their environment
• Homo sapiens and animals belong to separate and distinct divisions of the living (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Homo sapiens and animals belong to separate and distinct divisions of the living

The third paragraph discusses how many people want humans to be "uniquely unique" and "insulated from all other species" regarding qualities like language and tool use. The author then questions *why* this desire for absolute separation is so important, implying a criticism of the belief that humans are fundamentally distinct from animals. Therefore, the author criticizes the belief that Homo sapiens and animals belong to separate and distinct divisions of the living world.

Question 11: A scale on a map says that 1 inch represents 60 miles. If the distance between two points on the map is 2 1/2 inches, how many miles are between the two points?

• 180
• 120
• 150 (Correct answer)
• 24

Correct answer: 150

The map scale states that 1 inch represents 60 miles. To find the actual distance between two points that are 2 1/2 inches apart on the map, multiply the map distance by the scale factor. So, 2.5 inches × 60 miles/inch = 150 miles. This is the actual distance between the two points.

Question 12: What Are We Saving Through Daylight Saving Time? (1) Daylight Saving Time is observed by western nations including the United States of America and the European Union every year. Although many nations observe Daylight Saving Time in different ways, they all usually adhere to the same principle. Everyone changes their clocks throughout the summer so that there is an hour more of sunlight in the evening than there would have been in the morning. Even more bizarre than this practice is the fact that most individuals don't know why Daylight Saving Time exists. People advance their clocks by one hour each March, then sometimes for no reason at all, turn them back one hour in November. (2) The majority of people only know that Benjamin Franklin first advocated Daylight Saving Time as a concept. Though Benjamin Franklin did put out the proposal in 1784, it wasn't until 1918—more than 100 years after Franklin's passing—that America finally embraced Daylight Saving Time. Franklin's notion was well received in Europe, but no one gave it much thought until an English builder named William Willet put it up in a pamphlet in 1907. Another fact regarding Daylight Saving Time that many appear to "know" is that it was instituted to benefit farmers. Nobody appears to be aware of how that precisely works. The real explanation behind Daylight Saving Time is considerably more straightforward and innocent than that. (3) People would have more time in the evening to be outside in the sunlight because Daylight Saving Time was implemented. Why squander that lovely sunlight in the morning hours while everyone is asleep? Experts have attempted to defend the benefits of Daylight Saving Time ever since it was implemented in America 100 years ago. Numerous experts claim that it lowers the nation's energy bills. This is accurate, although the energy we conserve at this time is only a tiny fraction (perhaps 1%). Others contend that having more daylight in the evening keeps us safer and lowers our risk of suffering injuries in accidents. However, studies have revealed that our internal clocks do not change smoothly, which causes an increase in heart attacks, strokes, and traffic accidents every March. Why then do we continue to do it each year? (4) Once more, the response to this query is a straightforward and charming one: We like it. The initial purpose of daylight saving time, which is still observed today, was to offer people an extra hour of daylight in the evening. Daylight Saving Time won't end as long as people love having that extra hour in the evening. Part B Which of the following sentences from the article best supports the answer to Part A?

• "The real explanation behind Daylight Saving Time is considerably more straightforward and innocent than that."
• "Once more, the response to this query is a straightforward and charming one: We like it." (Correct answer)
• " Experts have attempted to defend the benefits of Daylight Saving Time ever since it was implemented in America 100 years ago. Numerous experts claim that it lowers the nation's energy bills. This is accurate, although the energy we conserve at this time is only a tiny fraction (perhaps 1%)."
• "Though Benjamin Franklin did put out the proposal in 1784, it wasn't until 1918—more than 100 years after Franklin's passing—that America finally embraced Daylight Saving Time."

Correct answer: "Once more, the response to this query is a straightforward and charming one: We like it."

The main idea of the article (from Part A) is that Daylight Saving Time continues because people enjoy the longer summer evenings, despite a lack of rational benefits. The sentence, "Once more, the response to this query is a straightforward and charming one: We like it," directly supports this by explicitly stating that the primary reason for its ongoing observance is simply public preference and enjoyment.

Question 13: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. Lockers in schools are often dilapidated, (making student’s valuables susceptible to theft.)

• making students’ valuables susceptible to theft (Correct answer)
• that makes students’ valuables susceptible to theft
• which makes student’s valuables susceptible to theft
• making student’s valuables susceptible to theft
• that makes student’s valuables susceptible to theft

Correct answer: making students’ valuables susceptible to theft

The original phrase incorrectly uses "student's," which implies the valuables belong to a single student. Since the context refers to lockers in schools, it's logical that the valuables belong to multiple students. Therefore, the correct plural possessive form "students'" is required to indicate ownership by more than one student, making "making students’ valuables susceptible to theft" the accurate revision.

Question 14: What Are We Saving Through Daylight Saving Time? (1) Daylight Saving Time is observed by western nations including the United States of America and the European Union every year. Although many nations observe Daylight Saving Time in different ways, they all usually adhere to the same principle. Everyone changes their clocks throughout the summer so that there is an hour more of sunlight in the evening than there would have been in the morning. Even more bizarre than this practice is the fact that most individuals don't know why Daylight Saving Time exists. People advance their clocks by one hour each March, then sometimes for no reason at all, turn them back one hour in November. (2) The majority of people only know that Benjamin Franklin first advocated Daylight Saving Time as a concept. Franklin did suggest the notion in 1784, but the United States didn't implement Daylight Saving Time until 1918—more than a century after his passing—after other European nations had already accepted the practice. Franklin's notion was well received in Europe, but no one gave it much thought until an English builder named William Willet put it up in a pamphlet in 1907. Another fact regarding Daylight Saving Time that many appear to "know" is that it was instituted to benefit farmers. Nobody appears to be aware of how that precisely works. The real explanation behind Daylight Saving Time is considerably more straightforward and innocent than that. (3) People would have more time in the evening to be outside in the sunlight because Daylight Saving Time was implemented. Why squander that lovely sunlight in the morning hours while everyone is asleep? Experts have argued for the benefits of daylight saving time ever since it was implemented in America 100 years ago. Numerous experts claim that it lowers the nation's energy bills. This is accurate, although the energy we conserve at this time is only a tiny fraction (perhaps 1%). Others contend that having more daylight in the evening keeps us safer and lowers our risk of suffering injuries in accidents. However, studies have revealed that our internal clocks do not change smoothly, which causes an increase in heart attacks, strokes, and traffic accidents every March. Why then do we continue to do it each year? (4) Once more, the response to this query is a straightforward and charming one: We enjoy it. The initial purpose of daylight saving time, which is still observed today, was to offer people an extra hour of daylight in the evening. Daylight Saving Time won't end as long as people love having that extra hour in the evening. Part A Which of these best describes the article's main idea?

• Daylight Savings Time was created expressly to assist people in producing more work and increasing their profits.
• Even though it may not have a rational benefit, having longer days in the summer is pleasant. (Correct answer)
• The concept of Daylight Saving Time did not originate in the United States.
• It's time to reconsider Daylight Saving Time because the practice serves no practical benefit.

Correct answer: Even though it may not have a rational benefit, having longer days in the summer is pleasant.

The article discusses various supposed benefits of Daylight Saving Time, such as energy savings and safety, but largely refutes or minimizes their significance, even noting negative health impacts. The final paragraph explicitly states the reason for its continuation: "We enjoy it," referring to the "extra hour of daylight in the evening." This highlights that the practice persists due to subjective pleasure rather than any substantial rational benefit.

Question 15: Which of the following has the proper spelling?

• Tommorrow
• Cologne (Correct answer)
• Mispell
• Greatful

Correct answer: Cologne

'Cologne' is the only word among the options that is spelled correctly. 'Tommorrow' should be 'Tomorrow,' 'Mispell' should be 'Misspell,' and 'Greatful' should be 'Grateful.' Correct spelling is crucial for clear and professional writing.

Question 16: If 3𝑥−5=8.5, What is the value of 5𝑥+3?

• 15.5
• 25.5 (Correct answer)
• 20.5
• 13

Correct answer: 25.5

First, solve the equation 3x - 5 = 8.5 for x. Add 5 to both sides to get 3x = 13.5, then divide by 3 to find x = 4.5. Next, substitute this value of x into the expression 5x + 3. This yields 5(4.5) + 3 = 22.5 + 3 = 25.5.

Question 17: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. A consummate gentleman, (Stefan's etiquette and social grace was unmatched.)

• Stefan's etiquette and social grace was unmatched.
• Stefan's social grace was matched only by his etiquette.
• Stefan's etiquette and social grace were unmatched.
• Stefan possessed unmatched etiquette and social grace. (Correct answer)
• Stefan's etiquette as well as his social grace were unmatched.

Correct answer: Stefan possessed unmatched etiquette and social grace.

The original sentence contains a subject-verb agreement error because 'etiquette and social grace' is a compound subject, which requires the plural verb 'were,' not 'was.' Option D corrects this by rephrasing the sentence to make 'Stefan' the subject and using 'possessed' to describe his qualities. This construction is more concise and grammatically sound, avoiding the agreement issue.

Question 18: If something 'hinders' your progress, it:

• Has no effect on it
• Stops it completely
• Slows it down or makes it difficult (Correct answer)
• Speeds it up

Correct answer: Slows it down or makes it difficult

Hinder means to create difficulties for or slow down someone or something.

Question 19: Miriam will receive two-fifths of Jacob's share of the reward, he promises. His share of the prize is 37. She sets up the following to determine what portion of the award she will receive: 2/5×3/7=? What fraction will she get?

• 6/35 (Correct answer)
• 15/14
• 29/35
• 5/12

Correct answer: 6/35

Miriam's share is two-fifths (2/5) of Jacob's share, and Jacob's share is three-sevenths (3/7) of the total prize. To find what fraction Miriam will get, multiply these two fractions together. Multiply the numerators (2 × 3 = 6) and the denominators (5 × 7 = 35) to get the resulting fraction 6/35.

Question 20: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. Fleeing the horde of zombies on foot, (an apparently safe building became visible to the terrified couple.)

• the terrified couple spotted a building that looked safe. (Correct answer)
• an apparently safe building became visible to the terrified couple.
• their fear subsided somewhat when the terrified couple would spot a safe looking building.
• the terrified couple's luck changed when they spotted a safe looking building.
• a safe looking building was spotted by the terrified couple.

Correct answer: the terrified couple spotted a building that looked safe.

The original sentence contains a dangling modifier because the introductory phrase "Fleeing the horde of zombies on foot" does not logically modify "an apparently safe building." The terrified couple is doing the fleeing, so they must be the subject of the main clause. The revised sentence correctly places "the terrified couple" as the subject, resolving the dangling modifier and clarifying who is performing the action.

Question 21: Violent Ways (1) When it comes to their passion of sports, the modern world is experiencing a bit of an identity crisis. We are concerned about sports violence at one end of the spectrum. The possibility of head trauma in football worries us. We are concerned that by concentrating so intensely on one sport so young, our kids' bodies are suffering. We contend that in order to protect our athletes, we must modify our current systems. However, violent sports like mixed martial arts are now more popular than ever. How do we account for our seemingly contradictory attitudes about athletes? Why do people get upset when a quarterback is hit too hard yet applaud when a fighter passes out on the mat like a dead tree? (2) The response to these queries is both straightforward and intricate. The short explanation is that a sport like mixed martial arts, which involves two individuals fighting in a ring, is meant to be violent. The movement of the ball from one area to the next is the focus of football, on the other hand. It would be incredibly naive to claim that football is not about violence, though. The issue becomes more challenging at that point. What remains when we take football's brutality out? (3) It plays to our human nature, which is the more nuanced and melancholy explanation for why we can't seem to decide whether or not we want violence. Players are the new gladiators, and the football field is the new Colosseum. The instinct for survival is one of the strongest in humans. The fact that we are naturally drawn to those in danger and their struggle for existence makes us amused when they are in danger. We don't want to see people suffer, but that doesn't make us wicked. But we want to see people getting hit. (4) The issue is that violence in sports has no clear-cut answer. At the same time, we desire it and don't want it. It appears that our culture has opted to permit it in some contexts where we believe it belongs, such as mixed martial arts, while decrying it in others, such as football. Football supporters are concerned about what will happen to the sport in the next years as more stories of brain injuries emerge. But it's most probable that nothing will alter. We will debate the need for action over supper, go to the Colosseum to support each major victory, and then return home. Which part of the passage best captures the author's perspective on sports violence?

• The short explanation is that a sport like mixed martial arts, which involves two individuals fighting in a ring, is meant to be violent.
• We are concerned that our children's early specialization in one sport is causing them physical harm.
• Football supporters are concerned about what will happen to the sport in the next years as more stories of brain injuries emerge.
• "It plays to our human nature, which is the more nuanced and melancholy reason why we can't seem to decide whether we want violence or not." (Correct answer)

Correct answer: "It plays to our human nature, which is the more nuanced and melancholy reason why we can't seem to decide whether we want violence or not."

This sentence from paragraph 3 directly addresses the central conflict the author explores: society's contradictory feelings about sports violence. It attributes this internal struggle to 'human nature' and describes it as the 'more nuanced and melancholy explanation,' indicating it's the author's core perspective on why we can't resolve this issue. The author's viewpoint is that this ambivalence is deeply ingrained in us.

Question 22: The number 8835 was rounded by Clair to the nearest hundred. This amount was rounded to the nearest thousand by Steve. What made the two rounded numbers different from one another?

• 200 (Correct answer)
• 150
• 35
• 100

Correct answer: 200

Clair rounded 8835 to the nearest hundred. Since the tens digit (3) is less than 5, she rounded down to 8800. Steve rounded 8835 to the nearest thousand. Since the hundreds digit (8) is 5 or greater, he rounded up to 9000. The difference between their rounded numbers is 9000 - 8800, which equals 200.

Question 23: Which word has the vowel I pronounced long?

• bring
• bin
• bite (Correct answer)
• sit

Correct answer: bite

A long 'i' vowel sound is pronounced like the letter name 'eye.' In the word "bite," the 'i' makes this long 'eye' sound. In contrast, "bin," "bring," and "sit" all contain the short 'i' sound, pronounced like the 'i' in 'igloo'.

Question 24: If a result is described as 'inevitable,' it means the result is:

• Easy to prevent with effort
• Surprising and unexpected
• Certain to happen and cannot be avoided (Correct answer)
• Possible but unlikely

Correct answer: Certain to happen and cannot be avoided

Inevitable means certain to happen and impossible to avoid or prevent.

Question 25: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. (High school reunions are usually looked forward to by alumni that have worked hard since graduation and now consider themselves successful.)

• High school reunions are usually looked forward to by alumni who have worked hard since graduation and now consider themselves successful.
• Alumni who have worked hard since graduation and now consider themselves successful usually look forward to high school reunions. (Correct answer)
• Alumnus that have worked hard since graduation and now consider themselves successful usually look forward to high school reunions.
• High school reunions are usually looked forward to by alumni that have worked hard since graduation and now consider themselves successful.
• High school reunions are usually looked forward to by alumni that have worked hard since graduation and now consider yourselves successful.

Correct answer: Alumni who have worked hard since graduation and now consider themselves successful usually look forward to high school reunions.

The original sentence uses the passive voice ("are usually looked forward to") and incorrectly uses "that" instead of "who" to refer to people. The revised sentence corrects both issues by using the active voice ("Alumni... usually look forward to") and the appropriate pronoun "who" for people. This makes the sentence clearer, more concise, and grammatically correct.

Question 26: Read the entire sentence. Joshua was unsure ____ or not he should ____ a sweater. Which phrase most accurately fills the second blank?

• Whether
• Wear (Correct answer)
• Weather
• Where

Correct answer: Wear

The second blank requires a verb that means to have clothing on one's body. 'Wear' is the correct verb for this context, completing the phrase 'he should wear a sweater.' 'Where' refers to a place, 'Weather' refers to atmospheric conditions, and 'Whether' introduces a choice, none of which are appropriate verbs here.

Question 27: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. Learning a new language can be difficult for people (after one reaches a certain age; abilities needed to retain and apply new linguistic information deteriorate with time.

• after you reach a certain age
• after they reaches certain ages
• after one reaches a certain age
• after they reach a certain age (Correct answer)
• after it reaches a certain age

Correct answer: after they reach a certain age

The original sentence has a pronoun agreement error because the singular pronoun 'one' does not agree with the plural antecedent 'people.' To maintain consistency and grammatical correctness, the plural pronoun 'they' should be used to refer back to 'people.' Option B correctly uses 'they,' ensuring proper pronoun-antecedent agreement.

Question 28: 1.535 ÷ 5 = ?

• 30.7
• 307
• 3.07
• None of these
• 0.307 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 0.307

To divide 1.535 by 5, perform long division. Divide 1 by 5 (0), then 15 by 5 (3), then 3 by 5 (0), and finally 35 by 5 (7). Place the decimal point in the quotient directly above the decimal point in the dividend, resulting in 0.307.

Question 29: A car has a 15 gallon gas tank. If a car gets 32 miles per gallon and travels 384 miles, how much gas will be left in the tank?

• 12
• 6
• 4
• 3 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 3

To find the gas remaining, first determine how much gas was used by dividing the total miles traveled (384) by the car's miles per gallon (32), which equals 12 gallons. Then, subtract the used gas (12 gallons) from the tank's full capacity (15 gallons). This calculation shows that 3 gallons of gas will be left in the tank.

Question 30: In the illustration above, AE←→⊥FC←→ (“line AE is perpendicular to line FC”). Which two rays form an obtuse angle?

• OE−→and OC−→
• OF−→ and OG−→
• OB−→and OC−→
• OA−→and OD−→ (Correct answer)

Correct answer: OA−→and OD−→

Given that line AE is perpendicular to line FC (AE⊥FC), angles AOC and COE are right angles (90°). An obtuse angle is greater than 90° but less than 180°. Angle AOD is formed by combining angle AOC (90°) and angle COD (which appears acute). Therefore, angle AOD is greater than 90°, making it an obtuse angle.

Question 31: 5/8 x 2/6 = ?

• 10/12
• 5/12
• 10/24
• 5/24 (Correct answer)
• None of these

Correct answer: 5/24

To multiply fractions, you multiply the numerators together and the denominators together. So, (5 x 2) / (8 x 6) equals 10/48. This fraction can then be simplified by dividing both the numerator and denominator by their greatest common divisor, which is 2, resulting in 5/24.

Question 32: The table shows computer prices at a local electronics store. Use the table to answer the question. Which of the following expressions can be used to find the total cost of three Elite computers?

• $490 x 3 (Correct answer)
• $475 ÷ 3
• $475 x 3
• $490 ÷ 3

Correct answer: $490 x 3

The question asks for the total cost of three Elite computers. To find this, you first need to identify the unit price of an 'Elite' computer from the given table, which is $490. Then, you multiply this price by the quantity, which is 3, resulting in the expression $490 x 3.

Question 33: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. A growing technology trend is to merge multiple devices with complimentary functions such as a phone, music player and (the scheduling features of a planner.)

• and scheduling features.
• scheduling features.
• a planner. (Correct answer)
• and a planner with scheduling features.
• the scheduling features of a planner.

Correct answer: a planner.

The original sentence violates the principle of parallelism in a list. The items 'a phone' and 'music player' are simple nouns representing devices. To maintain parallel structure, the third item should also be a simple noun representing a device, which is 'a planner.' Option E corrects this by making the list consistent in its grammatical form.

Question 34: What fraction of the original whole pizza will each slice be when 1/3 of a pizza is divided into 4 equal slices?

• 1/7
• 1/4
• 4/3
• 1/12 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 1/12

When 1/3 of a pizza is divided into 4 equal slices, you are essentially finding 1/4 of that 1/3 portion. To calculate this, multiply the fractions: (1/3) × (1/4). Multiplying the numerators (1 × 1) gives 1, and multiplying the denominators (3 × 4) gives 12. Thus, each slice will be 1/12 of the original whole pizza.

Question 35: Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. "The child has always been afraid of __________ to the dentist."

• have gone
• going (Correct answer)
• go
• to go

Correct answer: going

The phrase 'afraid of' is a prepositional phrase, and prepositions are typically followed by a noun or a gerund (the -ing form of a verb acting as a noun). In this context, 'going' functions as a gerund, making 'afraid of going' the grammatically correct construction. The other options are incorrect verb forms or infinitives that do not fit after the preposition 'of'.

Question 36: A 'concise' report is one that:

• Is written for experts only
• Is brief and clear without unnecessary words (Correct answer)
• Uses complicated language
• Covers every possible detail

Correct answer: Is brief and clear without unnecessary words

Concise means giving a lot of information clearly and in few words; brief but comprehensive.

Question 37: The following passage is from a discussion of various ways that living creatures have been classified over the years. The world can be classified in different ways, depending on one's interests and principles of clas- sification. The classifications (also known as Line taxonomies) in turn determine which comparisons 5 seem natural or unnatural, which literal or analog- ical. For example, it has been common to classify living creatures into three distinct groups—plants, animals, and humans. According to this classifica- tion, human beings are not a special kind of 10 animal, nor animals a special kind of plant. Thus any comparisons between the three groups are strictly analogical. Reasoning from inheritance in garden peas to inheritance in fruit flies, and from these two species to inheritance in human beings, 15 is sheer poetic metaphor. Another mode of classifying living creatures is commonly attributed to Aristotle. Instead of treat- ing plants, animals, and humans as distinct groups, they are nested. All living creatures 20 possess a vegetative soul that enables them to grow and metabolize. Of these, some also have a sensory soul that enables them to sense their envi- ronments and move. One species also has a rational soul that is capable of true understanding. 25 Thus, human beings are a special sort of animal, and animals are a special sort of plant. Given this classification, reasoning from human beings to all other species with respect to the attributes of the vegetative soul is legitimate, reasoning from 30 human beings to other animals with respect to the attributes of the sensory soul is also legitimate, but reasoning from the rational characteristics of the human species to any other species is merely analogical. According to both classifications, the 35 human species is unique. In the first, it has a king- dom all to itself; in the second, it stands at the pinnacle of the taxonomic hierarchy. Homo sapiens is unique. All species are. But this sort of uniqueness is not enough for many 40 (probably most) people, philosophers included. For some reason, it is very important that the species to which we belong be uniquely unique. It is of utmost importance that the human species be insulated from all other species with respect to 45 how we explain certain qualities. Human beings clearly are capable of developing and learning languages. For some reason, it is very important that the waggle dance performed by bees * not count as a genuine language. I have never been 50 able to understand why. I happen to think that the waggle dance differs from human languages to such a degree that little is gained by terming them both "languages," but even if "language" is so defined that the waggle dance slips in, bees still 55 remain bees. It is equally important to some that no other species use tools. No matter how inge- nious other species get in the manipulation of objects in their environment, it is absolutely essential that nothing they do count as "tool use." 60 I, however, fail to see what difference it makes whether any of these devices such as probes and anvils, etc. are really tools. All the species involved remain distinct biological species no matter what decisions are made. Similar observa- 65 tions hold for rationality and anything a computer might do. The author uses the words "For some reason" in lines 40-41 to express

• despair
• disapproval (Correct answer)
• rage
• sympathy
• uncertainty

Correct answer: disapproval

The author uses 'For some reason' (lines 40-41, 46) to introduce the human tendency to insist on the 'uniquely unique' status of Homo sapiens, particularly regarding language and tool use. The author then explicitly states, 'I have never been able to understand why' and 'I, however, fail to see what difference it makes.' This phrasing conveys the author's skepticism and disagreement with this human-centric bias, indicating disapproval of the arbitrary distinctions made.

Question 38: Which word has a vowel with a short e sound?

• need
• eat
• we
• peg (Correct answer)

Correct answer: peg

A short 'e' vowel sound is typically pronounced like the 'e' in words such as 'bed' or 'egg.' In the word "peg," the 'e' makes this short 'eh' sound. In contrast, "need," "eat," and "we" all contain the long 'e' sound, pronounced like the 'ee' in 'tree'.

Question 39: Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. "I am going ______________ my workout now."

• to do (Correct answer)
• doing
• be doing
• to doing

Correct answer: to do

The phrase 'I am going' is part of the future tense construction 'to be going to' + base verb. Therefore, it must be followed by the infinitive form of the verb, which is 'to do.' 'I am going to do my workout now' correctly expresses a future action.

Question 40: Thomas' father is 51 years old when you first add 4 to his age and then multiply that total by 3. Which of the following algebraically accurately depicts this statement?

• 3t+4=51
• 4t+3=51
• 3(t+4)=51 (Correct answer)
• 4(t+3)=51

Correct answer: 3(t+4)=51

Let 't' represent Thomas' father's age. The statement 'add 4 to his age' translates to (t + 4). Then, 'multiply that total by 3' means 3 × (t + 4). Finally, 'is 51 years old' sets this expression equal to 51. Thus, the correct algebraic depiction is 3(t + 4) = 51.

Question 41: Which of the following points is on the equation 3x+5y=7 line?

• (−2,2)
• (−1,2) (Correct answer)
• (2,2)
• (2,1)

Correct answer: (−1,2)

To determine which point lies on the line 3x + 5y = 7, substitute the x and y coordinates from each option into the equation. For option D, (-1, 2), substituting gives 3(-1) + 5(2) = -3 + 10 = 7. Since this equals 7, the point (-1, 2) is on the line.

Question 42: Which of the following values corresponds to the value represented by the digit "2" in the number 815.927?

• 2×(1/1000)
• 2×(1/10)
• 2×(1/100) (Correct answer)
• 2×(1)

Correct answer: 2×(1/100)

In the number 815.927, the digit '2' is located in the second position after the decimal point. This position represents the hundredths place. Therefore, the value represented by the digit '2' is 2 multiplied by one-hundredth, or 2 × (1/100).

Question 43: What is the largest fraction among the following?

• 7/9 (Correct answer)
• 3/4
• 2/3
• 2/5

Correct answer: 7/9

To find the largest fraction, convert all fractions to decimals or find a common denominator. Converting to decimals: 7/9 ≈ 0.777, 2/3 ≈ 0.667, 3/4 = 0.75, and 2/5 = 0.4. Comparing these decimal values, 0.777 is the largest, making 7/9 the largest fraction.

Question 44: What does the word 'ambiguous' mean?

• Completely clear and precise
• Open to more than one interpretation (Correct answer)
• Strongly determined
• Easily angered

Correct answer: Open to more than one interpretation

Ambiguous means having more than one possible meaning or interpretation, making it unclear.

Question 45: The following passage is from a discussion of various ways that living creatures have been classified over the years. The world can be classified in different ways, depending on one's interests and principles of clas- sification. The classifications (also known as Line taxonomies) in turn determine which comparisons 5 seem natural or unnatural, which literal or analog- ical. For example, it has been common to classify living creatures into three distinct groups—plants, animals, and humans. According to this classifica- tion, human beings are not a special kind of 10 animal, nor animals a special kind of plant. Thus any comparisons between the three groups are strictly analogical. Reasoning from inheritance in garden peas to inheritance in fruit flies, and from these two species to inheritance in human beings, 15 is sheer poetic metaphor. Another mode of classifying living creatures is commonly attributed to Aristotle. Instead of treat- ing plants, animals, and humans as distinct groups, they are nested. All living creatures 20 possess a vegetative soul that enables them to grow and metabolize. Of these, some also have a sensory soul that enables them to sense their envi- ronments and move. One species also has a rational soul that is capable of true understanding. 25 Thus, human beings are a special sort of animal, and animals are a special sort of plant. Given this classification, reasoning from human beings to all other species with respect to the attributes of the vegetative soul is legitimate, reasoning from 30 human beings to other animals with respect to the attributes of the sensory soul is also legitimate, but reasoning from the rational characteristics of the human species to any other species is merely analogical. According to both classifications, the 35 human species is unique. In the first, it has a king- dom all to itself; in the second, it stands at the pinnacle of the taxonomic hierarchy. Homo sapiens is unique. All species are. But this sort of uniqueness is not enough for many 40 (probably most) people, philosophers included. For some reason, it is very important that the species to which we belong be uniquely unique. It is of utmost importance that the human species be insulated from all other species with respect to 45 how we explain certain qualities. Human beings clearly are capable of developing and learning languages. For some reason, it is very important that the waggle dance performed by bees * not count as a genuine language. I have never been 50 able to understand why. I happen to think that the waggle dance differs from human languages to such a degree that little is gained by terming them both "languages," but even if "language" is so defined that the waggle dance slips in, bees still 55 remain bees. It is equally important to some that no other species use tools. No matter how inge- nious other species get in the manipulation of objects in their environment, it is absolutely essential that nothing they do count as "tool use." 60 I, however, fail to see what difference it makes whether any of these devices such as probes and anvils, etc. are really tools. All the species involved remain distinct biological species no matter what decisions are made. Similar observa- 65 tions hold for rationality and anything a computer might do. If the author had wished to explain why "most" people (line 40) feel the way they do, the explanation would have probably focused on the

• role of language in the development of technology
• most recent advances in biological research
• lack of objectivity in the classification of Homo sapiens (Correct answer)
• behavioral similarities between Homo sapiens and other species
• reality of distinct biological species

Correct answer: lack of objectivity in the classification of Homo sapiens

The author uses phrases like 'For some reason, it is very important that the species to which we belong be uniquely unique' and questions why certain animal behaviors are not considered 'genuine language' or 'tool use.' The author's skepticism ('I have never been able to understand why,' 'I, however, fail to see what difference it makes') suggests that this human insistence on unique status stems from a subjective bias rather than objective scientific criteria. Therefore, the explanation would likely focus on the lack of objectivity in how humans classify themselves.

Question 46: A man's hourly wage increased from $12.50 to $13.50. What percent raise did he get?

• 10%
• 8% (Correct answer)
• 9%
• 13.50%

Correct answer: 8%

First, calculate the amount of the raise by subtracting the original wage from the new wage ($13.50 - $12.50 = $1.00). To find the percent raise, divide the raise amount ($1.00) by the original wage ($12.50), which gives 0.08. Multiply this decimal by 100 to convert it to a percentage, resulting in an 8% raise.

Question 47: 8% of ___ =64

• 900
• 1000
• 1200
• 800 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 800

To solve '8% of ___ = 64', let the unknown number be x. This translates to the equation 0.08 * x = 64. To find x, divide 64 by 0.08. Performing this division (64 / 0.08) yields 800.

Question 48: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. Concerns about global warming have grown into actual efforts sanctioned by non-governmental organizations and governments that not only work to (understand global warming and also to prevent it.)

• understand global warming but also to prevent it.
• understand global warming yet also to prevent it’s growth.
• understand global warming and also to prevent it.
• understand global warming but also to prevent its growth. (Correct answer)
• understand global warming yet also to prevent it.

Correct answer: understand global warming but also to prevent its growth.

The sentence requires the correlative conjunction "not only... but also" for proper grammatical structure, making options with "and also" or "yet also" incorrect. Additionally, "prevent its growth" is a more precise and idiomatic phrasing than "prevent it" when referring to global warming, as the goal is to stop its increase or worsening. Therefore, "understand global warming but also to prevent its growth" is the most accurate and grammatically correct revision.

Question 49: AlarmCo provides alarm systems to homes and businesses. They bill for their services on a monthly bill. Their first bill is shown below. What does AlarmCo charge for one month of service (rounded to the nearest dollar)?

• $29
• $30 (Correct answer)
• $148
• $118

Correct answer: $30

Under the 'Current Charges' section of the bill, the item 'Monthly Service' is listed with a charge of $29.99. When this amount is rounded to the nearest whole dollar, it becomes $30. This represents the standard monthly charge for AlarmCo's service.

Question 50: Read the entire sentence. Bella found tonight’s math homework ____. Which word completes the statement correctly?

• confusing (Correct answer)
• confusion
• confusement
• confused

Correct answer: confusing

The sentence describes the *quality* of the homework itself, which causes confusion. 'Confusing' is an adjective that means 'causing confusion' or 'perplexing.' 'Confused' describes how someone *feels* (e.g., Bella felt confused), while 'confusion' and 'confusement' are nouns and do not fit grammatically as adjectives describing the homework.

Question 51: To 'illuminate' a subject means to:

• Make it more confusing
• Shed light on or clarify it (Correct answer)
• Remove it from discussion
• Summarize it briefly

Correct answer: Shed light on or clarify it

Illuminate means to make something clearer or easier to understand, like shedding light on it.

Question 52: Violent Ways (1) When it comes to their passion of sports, the modern world is experiencing a bit of an identity crisis. We are concerned about sports violence at one end of the spectrum. The possibility of head trauma in football worries us. We are concerned that by concentrating so intensely on one sport so young, our kids' bodies are suffering. We contend that in order to protect our athletes, we must modify our current systems. However, violent sports like mixed martial arts are now more popular than ever. How do we account for our seemingly contradictory attitudes about athletes? Why do people get upset when a quarterback is hit too hard yet applaud when a fighter passes out on the mat like a dead tree? (2) The response to these queries is both straightforward and intricate. The short explanation is that a sport like mixed martial arts, which involves two individuals fighting in a ring, is meant to be violent. The movement of the ball from one area to the next is the focus of football, on the other hand. It would be incredibly naive to claim that football is not about violence, though. The issue becomes more challenging at that point. What remains when we take football's brutality out? (3) It plays to our human nature, which is the more nuanced and melancholy explanation for why we can't seem to decide whether or not we want violence. Players are the new gladiators, and the football field is the new Colosseum. The instinct for survival is one of the strongest in humans. The fact that we are naturally drawn to those in danger and their struggle for existence makes us amused when they are in danger. We don't want to see people suffer, but that doesn't make us wicked. But we want to see people getting hit. (4) The issue is that violence in sports has no clear-cut answer. At the same time, we desire it and don't want it. It appears that our culture has opted to permit it in some contexts where we believe it belongs, such as mixed martial arts, while decrying it in others, such as football. Football supporters are concerned about what will happen to the sport in the next years as more stories of brain injuries emerge. But it's most probable that nothing will alter. We will debate the need for action over supper, go to the Colosseum to support each major victory, and then return home. Part B What passage from the paper exemplifies Part A's response the best?

• At the same time, violent sports such as mixed martial arts have never been more popular.
• We'll argue over dinner about how something ought to be done, then go to the Colosseum and cheer for every huge hit. (Correct answer)
• The instinct for survival is one of the strongest in humans.
• Football, on the other hand, revolves around moving a ball from one zone to the next.

Correct answer: We'll argue over dinner about how something ought to be done, then go to the Colosseum and cheer for every huge hit.

This sentence perfectly encapsulates the contradictory nature of society's view on sports violence. It shows people engaging in rational discussion about the need for action (suggesting they don't want violence) but then immediately going to an event to cheer for violent acts ('every huge hit'). This juxtaposition directly illustrates the uncertainty and mixed feelings described in Part A.

Question 53: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. (Yesterday I fell down the stairs and then) tried to act like I did so on purpose.

• Yesterday I fell down the stairs, I
• Falling down the stairs; I
• After I fell down the stairs yesterday; I
• I fell down the stairs yesterday, I
• Yesterday I fell down the stairs and then (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Yesterday I fell down the stairs and then

The original phrase "Yesterday I fell down the stairs and then" is grammatically correct and effectively connects two sequential actions performed by the same subject ("I"). The conjunction "and then" clearly indicates the order of events without creating a run-on sentence or requiring additional punctuation, making it the most appropriate choice.

Question 54: In this passage a Mexican American historian describes a technique she used as part of her research. Doña Teodora offered me yet another cup of strong, black coffee. The aroma of the big, paper-thin Sonoran tortillas filled the small, linoleum-covered kitchen, and I Line knew that with the coffee I would receive a buttered tortilla 5 straight from the round, homemade comal (a flat, earthen- ware cooking pan) balanced on the gas-burning stove. For three days, from ten in the morning until early evening, I had been sitting in the same comfortable wooden chair, taking cup after cup of black coffee and consuming hot 10 tortillas. Doña Teodora was ninety years old, and although she would take occasional breaks from patting, extending, and turning over tortillas to let her cat in or out, it appeared that I was the only one exhausted at the end of the day. But once out, as I went over the notes, filed and organized the 15 tape cassettes, exhilaration would set in. The intellectual and emotional excitement I had previously experienced when a pertinent document would suddenly appear now waned in comparison to the gestures and words, the joy and anger doña Teodora offered. 20 She had not written down her thoughts; but the ideas, recollections, and images evoked by her lively oral expres- sion were jewels for anyone who wanted to know about the life of Mexicanas * in booming mining towns on both sides of the Mexico-United States border in the early twentieth 25 century. She never kept a diary. The thought of writing a memoir would have been put aside as presumptuous. But all her life doña Teodora had lived amidst the telling and retelling of family stories. Genealogies of her own family as well as complete and up-to-date information of the 30 marriages, births, and deaths of numerous families that made up her community were all well-kept memories. These chains of generations were fleshed out with recollec- tions of the many events and tribulations of these families. Oral history had proven to be a fertile field for my research 35 on the history of Mexicanas. My search had begun in libraries and archives—reposi- tories of conventional history. The available sources were to be found in census reports, church records, directories, and other such statistical information. These, however, as 40 important as they are, cannot provide one of the essential dimensions of history, the full narrative of the human experience that defies quantification and classification. In certain social groups this gap can be filled with diaries, memoirs, letters, or even reports from others. In the case of 45 Mexicanas in the United States, one of the many devastating consequences of defeat and conquest has been that the traditional institutions that preserve and transfer culture (the documentation of the past) have ignored these personal written sources. The letters, writings, and documents of 50 Mexican people have rarely, if ever, been included in archives, special collections, or libraries. At best, some centers have attempted to collect newspapers published by Mexicans, but the effort was started late. The historian who tries to reconstruct the past from newspapers is constantly 55 frustrated because, although titles abound, collections are scarce and often incomplete. Although many hours of previous study and preparation had taken me to doña Teodora's kitchen, I was initially unsure of my place. Was I really an insider or were the 60 experiences that had made the lives of my interviewees such that, although I could speak Spanish and am Mexicana, I was still an outsider? I realized, nonetheless, that the richness and depth of the spoken word challenges the comforting theories and models 65 of the social sciences. Mexican history challenges social- science models derived solely from victorious imperialistic experiences. Our history cannot be written without new sources. These sources will determine which concepts are needed to 70 illuminate and interpret the past, and these concepts will emerge from the people themselves. This will permit the description of events and structures to assume a culturally relevant perspective, thus emphasizing the point of view of the Mexican people. The use of theoretical constructs must 75 follow the voices of the people who live the reality, con- sciously or not. For too long the experiences of women have been studied according to male-oriented sources and constructs. These must be questioned. For the history of Mexican people, the sources primarily exist in our own 80 worlds. And it is here where we must begin. I often found that as the memory awakened, other sources would emerge. Boxes of letters, photographs, and even manuscripts and diaries would appear. Long-standing assumptions of illiteracy were shattered and had to be reexamined. I saw 85 that constant reevaluation became the rule rather than the exception. I entered women's worlds created on the margin —not only of Anglo life, but of, and outside of, the lives of their own fathers, husbands, sons, brothers, or priests, bosses, and bureaucrats. In what sense are "census reports, church records, directories" (line 38) inadequate?

• They do not tell the human side of the story. (Correct answer)
• They place too great a reliance on political factors.
• They are often too difficult to obtain
• They are not of sufficient accuracy to be of use to historians.
• They blur the distinction between the political and the religious realm.

Correct answer: They do not tell the human side of the story.

Lines 39-42 explain that these conventional sources, "as important as they are, cannot provide one of the essential dimensions of history, the full narrative of the human experience that defies quantification and classification." This means they offer factual or statistical data but lack the personal stories, emotions, and lived experiences that constitute the deeper, more subjective "human side" of history.

Question 55: Free Willy (1) The controversy surrounding SeaWorld has been ever since it first opened its doors in 1959. The business was established to provide visitors to theme parks with a fresh form of entertainment. Customers will have the chance to observe a killer whale swimming around in a tank in front of them, which they had never seen before. However, in the perspective of many, this experience had a cost—a cost that was being borne by the same creatures that everyone had come to view. Many have questioned how these animals are being handled humanely, both during the capture procedure and while they are in custody. These lovely animals are being taken from their natural habitat and placed in tanks that deny them the freedom they require. They were originally free to wander the ocean with their families. (2) People have always been in awe of things they don't comprehend. According to the business and its stockholders, SeaWorld is a location where people may go to watch these animals swim around in front of them securely. SeaWorld is enabling people to view these magnificent orcas, which is something they want to be able to do. However, because of the price of this convenience, activists from all over the world are trying to boycott SeaWorld and draw attention to their cruel treatment of whales among viewers. (3) The treatment of orcas as a product rather than as animals is one of the main grievances raised by protestors against SeaWorld. Activists contend that SeaWorld, a business that seeks to earn a profit, routinely prioritizes financial gain over its obligation to care for and treat whales humanely. Orcas are taken from their homes and families, sold to theme parks around the world (some of which are extremely weakly controlled), and crammed into tanks that are far too tiny and have little to no stimulation for the creatures. Once in captivity, these whales, according to campaigners, lead a miserable existence that primarily consists of feeding and performing in surroundings that consistently hinder their growth. (4) While it is exciting to visit a theme park and view a stunning killer whale up close, the suffering that these animals endure for our amusement is cruel. If SeaWorld wanted to treat these orcas fairly, they would have to spend a lot of money on bettering both the conditions of their imprisonment and the methods used to capture them. Changes of this nature are expensive, difficult, and would significantly impair the company's capacity to turn a profit. However, SeaWorld deserves to fail and should be closed down if they can't thrive in a market where they are required to treat their creatures decently. Read the following section of the passage. The controversy surrounding SeaWorld has been ever since it first opened its doors in 1959. The business was established to provide visitors to theme parks with a fresh form of entertainment. Customers will have the chance to observe a killer whale swimming around in a tank in front of them, which they had never seen before. However, in the perspective of many, this experience had a cost—a cost that was being borne by the same creatures that everyone had come to view. Many have questioned how these animals are being handled humanely, both during the capture procedure and while they are in custody. These lovely animals are being taken from their natural habitat and placed in tanks that deny them the freedom they require. They were originally free to wander the ocean with their families. Which of these phrases best sums up the arrangement utilized in the preceding paragraph?

• The sentence presents a concept before delving into it in further depth. (Correct answer)
• The paragraph examines a process's steps.
• The events are described in the paragraph in the order that they take place.
• The paragraph starts with a problem and then moves on to a solution.

Correct answer: The sentence presents a concept before delving into it in further depth.

The paragraph begins by introducing the central concept of "controversy" surrounding SeaWorld since its opening. It then proceeds to delve deeper into this concept by explaining the specific aspects of the controversy: the cost to the animals, questions about humane treatment, and their removal from natural habitats. This structure clearly presents a main idea and then elaborates on its details.

Question 56: In this passage a Mexican American historian describes a technique she used as part of her research. Doña Teodora offered me yet another cup of strong, black coffee. The aroma of the big, paper-thin Sonoran tortillas filled the small, linoleum-covered kitchen, and I Line knew that with the coffee I would receive a buttered tortilla 5 straight from the round, homemade comal (a flat, earthen- ware cooking pan) balanced on the gas-burning stove. For three days, from ten in the morning until early evening, I had been sitting in the same comfortable wooden chair, taking cup after cup of black coffee and consuming hot 10 tortillas. Doña Teodora was ninety years old, and although she would take occasional breaks from patting, extending, and turning over tortillas to let her cat in or out, it appeared that I was the only one exhausted at the end of the day. But once out, as I went over the notes, filed and organized the 15 tape cassettes, exhilaration would set in. The intellectual and emotional excitement I had previously experienced when a pertinent document would suddenly appear now waned in comparison to the gestures and words, the joy and anger doña Teodora offered. 20 She had not written down her thoughts; but the ideas, recollections, and images evoked by her lively oral expres- sion were jewels for anyone who wanted to know about the life of Mexicanas * in booming mining towns on both sides of the Mexico-United States border in the early twentieth 25 century. She never kept a diary. The thought of writing a memoir would have been put aside as presumptuous. But all her life doña Teodora had lived amidst the telling and retelling of family stories. Genealogies of her own family as well as complete and up-to-date information of the 30 marriages, births, and deaths of numerous families that made up her community were all well-kept memories. These chains of generations were fleshed out with recollec- tions of the many events and tribulations of these families. Oral history had proven to be a fertile field for my research 35 on the history of Mexicanas. My search had begun in libraries and archives—reposi- tories of conventional history. The available sources were to be found in census reports, church records, directories, and other such statistical information. These, however, as 40 important as they are, cannot provide one of the essential dimensions of history, the full narrative of the human experience that defies quantification and classification. In certain social groups this gap can be filled with diaries, memoirs, letters, or even reports from others. In the case of 45 Mexicanas in the United States, one of the many devastating consequences of defeat and conquest has been that the traditional institutions that preserve and transfer culture (the documentation of the past) have ignored these personal written sources. The letters, writings, and documents of 50 Mexican people have rarely, if ever, been included in archives, special collections, or libraries. At best, some centers have attempted to collect newspapers published by Mexicans, but the effort was started late. The historian who tries to reconstruct the past from newspapers is constantly 55 frustrated because, although titles abound, collections are scarce and often incomplete. Although many hours of previous study and preparation had taken me to doña Teodora's kitchen, I was initially unsure of my place. Was I really an insider or were the 60 experiences that had made the lives of my interviewees such that, although I could speak Spanish and am Mexicana, I was still an outsider? I realized, nonetheless, that the richness and depth of the spoken word challenges the comforting theories and models 65 of the social sciences. Mexican history challenges social- science models derived solely from victorious imperialistic experiences. Our history cannot be written without new sources. These sources will determine which concepts are needed to 70 illuminate and interpret the past, and these concepts will emerge from the people themselves. This will permit the description of events and structures to assume a culturally relevant perspective, thus emphasizing the point of view of the Mexican people. The use of theoretical constructs must 75 follow the voices of the people who live the reality, con- sciously or not. For too long the experiences of women have been studied according to male-oriented sources and constructs. These must be questioned. For the history of Mexican people, the sources primarily exist in our own 80 worlds. And it is here where we must begin. I often found that as the memory awakened, other sources would emerge. Boxes of letters, photographs, and even manuscripts and diaries would appear. Long-standing assumptions of illiteracy were shattered and had to be reexamined. I saw 85 that constant reevaluation became the rule rather than the exception. I entered women's worlds created on the margin —not only of Anglo life, but of, and outside of, the lives of their own fathers, husbands, sons, brothers, or priests, bosses, and bureaucrats. What is the effect of the question in lines 59-62?

• It suggests that only those with an outsider's perspective can see things objectively.
• It eliminates the distinction between insider and outsider.
• It refutes the claim that being an outsider is an important criterion for doing research.
• It suggests that human sympathy is more important than ethnicity or language.
• It suggests that sharing ethnicity and language might not be enough to make one an insider. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It suggests that sharing ethnicity and language might not be enough to make one an insider.

The author's question, "Was I really an insider or were the experiences that had made the lives of my interviewees such that, although I could speak Spanish and am Mexicana, I was still an outsider?" (lines 59-62), highlights a complex issue. It suggests that even sharing ethnicity and language might not be sufficient to fully understand or connect with the lived experiences of others, implying that deeper, personal experiences can still create a sense of being an outsider.

Question 57: Who Deserves Immortality? (1) By creating monuments to their brilliance, America has traditionally honored its heroes. It would be difficult to find a town in America without at least a tiny statue honoring a significant individual. However, in recent years, some of the monuments we have built have come under scrutiny. Should we demolish monuments honoring people with a contentious past? (2) Monuments honoring generals and combatants from the Confederate Army during the Civil War are currently the most contentious monuments in America. How much should America respect those who left the union in an effort to maintain their ownership of slaves? Slavery is America's greatest sin, and the South is not only to responsible for this abomination; the Confederate Army was so opposed to the idea of abolition that they were prepared to wage war. These monuments' detractors contend that we shouldn't memorialize this kind of person and that recognizing them would be a continual insult to the people of color who now enjoy freedom in our nation. (3) Supporters of these monuments contend that removing them would be an effort to erase the history of our nation. They contend that it's crucial for us to commemorate the Civil War heroes from both sides. However, organizations in favor of these monuments frequently make the completely untrue claim that slavery played a minimal role in the Civil War. (4) The controversy over Civil War statues also brings to light the 600 or so monuments and tributes to one of America's most significant and contentious historical personalities. Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering America and creating this nation, according to people who adore his sculptures. Christopher Columbus conquered America and committed genocide (whether on purpose or accidentally, according to those who oppose his memorials) in order to seize control over a new continent. Is it OK to honor a man who killed tens of thousands of innocent people? (5) At the moment, America is having identity issues. The nation is attempting to determine the best way to honor our past while ignoring its flaws. The defense of these monuments asserts that to remove them would be to attempt to forget history. However, as monuments are designed to celebrate role models, America should remove any honoring of individuals who have committed acts of hatred and violence, such as Christopher Columbus and Confederate troops. We should make sure that our history books cover these individuals because they played significant roles in American history. But only the real American heroes deserve a place on our monuments. Read the article's first sentence. It would be difficult to find a town in America without at least a tiny statue honoring a significant individual. What does the word "memorializing" mean in this sentence?

• Honoring (Correct answer)
• Criticizing
• Demonizing
• Showing

Correct answer: Honoring

The sentence states that it's difficult to find a town without a statue "honoring a significant individual." To "memorialize" means to preserve the memory of someone or something, often through a monument, typically done to show respect or honor. Therefore, "honoring" is the most direct and accurate synonym for "memorializing" in this context, as both convey the act of showing respect or tribute.

Question 58: A hockey team only won 20% of the games they played. If they played 25 games, how many did they win?

• 9
• 8
• 5 (Correct answer)
• 12

Correct answer: 5

To find out how many games the hockey team won, you need to calculate 20% of the total games played. Convert the percentage to a decimal (0.20) and multiply it by the total number of games (25). So, 0.20 * 25 = 5 games won.

Question 59: AlarmCo provides alarm systems to homes and businesses. They bill for their services on a monthly bill. Their first bill is shown below. Approximately how much does AlarmCo's service cost per day?

• $3
• $10
• $5
• $1 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: $1

The monthly service cost is $29.99. To estimate the daily cost, divide the monthly charge by the approximate number of days in a month, which is 30. Performing the calculation ($29.99 / 30 days) yields approximately $1.00 per day.

Question 60: Which of the following is an opinion statement?

• East is where the sun rises, and west is where it sets.
• Apples are grown in countless different types.
• Camping is best done in the fall. (Correct answer)
• Dogs require between 9 and 14 hours of sleep each day.

Correct answer: Camping is best done in the fall.

An opinion statement expresses a personal belief or judgment that cannot be proven true or false, unlike a factual statement. Option D, 'Camping is best done in the fall,' is an opinion because what constitutes the 'best' time for camping is subjective and varies from person to person. The other options are verifiable facts.

Question 61: 7 x -4 = ?

• 28
• None of these
• -32
• -28 (Correct answer)
• 35

Correct answer: -28

When multiplying a positive number by a negative number, the product is always negative. First, multiply the absolute values: 7 * 4 = 28. Then, apply the negative sign to the result, giving -28.

Question 62: Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. "When will you be able to go to dinner with ___________?"

• me (Correct answer)
• I
• ourselves
• myself

Correct answer: me

The word 'with' is a preposition, and prepositions are always followed by object pronouns. 'Me' is the correct object pronoun to use after the preposition 'with.' 'I' is a subject pronoun, and 'myself' and 'ourselves' are reflexive pronouns, which are not appropriate in this context.

Question 63: The table shows computer prices at a local electronics store. Use the table to answer the question. April selected the least expensive computer she could buy with 6 GB of RAM memory. She also used a $30 off coupon. How much did she pay for the computer?

• $460 (Correct answer)
• $490
• $480
• $395

Correct answer: $460

To solve this, first identify all computers in the table that have 6 GB of RAM. Among those, find the one with the lowest price. Assuming the least expensive 6GB RAM computer costs $490, April then applied a $30 coupon. Subtracting the coupon from the price ($490 - $30) gives a final payment of $460.

Question 64: 30 - (-4) = ?

• 120
• 26
• None of these
• 34 (Correct answer)
• 26

Correct answer: 34

Subtracting a negative number is equivalent to adding the positive version of that number. Therefore, the expression 30 - (-4) transforms into 30 + 4. Performing this addition yields a result of 34.

Question 65: In her essay, Litzy describes how to create a paper airplane. The sentences below are those she wrote. After reading her response, answer to the questions that follow. How to create a paper airplane is shown here. Pick out a ____ piece of paper first. You should choose paper that is both durable and lightweight. It will glide effectively but won't hit the ground right away. In the same way as you would if you were about to write on the paper, lay it out in front of you. Next, fold the top two corners of the paper together and downward to form a point at the top. After doing so, fold the paper in half vertically. Fold roughly an inch of the paper back against himself with your right hand when the paper opens to the right. With your right hand, flip the paper over and repeat the process. Litzy needs to draft a summary. Which of the following statements would be ineffective in bringing Litzy's paragraph to a close?

• There are some more detailed steps you must take if you want to create a more intricate paper airplane. (Correct answer)
• You've just constructed a simple airplane that you can throw by holding it from the vertical fold.
• If everything has been done correctly, the plane should fly smoothly.
• When throwing it, be sure to glide your arm forward and release the plane before it moves downward.

Correct answer: There are some more detailed steps you must take if you want to create a more intricate paper airplane.

An effective concluding sentence for a procedural paragraph should summarize the outcome or provide a final tip related to the instructions given. Option A is ineffective because it introduces new information about 'more intricate paper airplanes' and suggests further steps. This shifts the focus away from concluding the current simple airplane instructions.

Question 66: 8𝑎𝑏−5𝑎𝑏= ?

• ab
• 3ab (Correct answer)
• 2ab
• 5ab

Correct answer: 3ab

The expression 8ab - 5ab involves subtracting like terms. Since both terms have the same variables (a and b) raised to the same powers, you can subtract their coefficients directly. Subtracting 5 from 8 gives 3, so the result is 3ab.

Question 67: Which of the following is an opinion statement?

• English class homework is not fun to complete. (Correct answer)
• By completing their assignments, children will improve, according to their English teacher.
• It's common for pupils' English homework to require critical thinking.
• English class assignments that weren't on the test were given to the pupils.

Correct answer: English class homework is not fun to complete.

An opinion statement expresses a personal belief, feeling, or judgment that cannot be objectively proven true or false. Stating that homework is 'not fun' is a subjective feeling, making it an opinion. The other options present statements that are factual or can be objectively verified, rather than personal viewpoints.

Question 68: In this passage a Mexican American historian describes a technique she used as part of her research. Doña Teodora offered me yet another cup of strong, black coffee. The aroma of the big, paper-thin Sonoran tortillas filled the small, linoleum-covered kitchen, and I Line knew that with the coffee I would receive a buttered tortilla 5 straight from the round, homemade comal (a flat, earthen- ware cooking pan) balanced on the gas-burning stove. For three days, from ten in the morning until early evening, I had been sitting in the same comfortable wooden chair, taking cup after cup of black coffee and consuming hot 10 tortillas. Doña Teodora was ninety years old, and although she would take occasional breaks from patting, extending, and turning over tortillas to let her cat in or out, it appeared that I was the only one exhausted at the end of the day. But once out, as I went over the notes, filed and organized the 15 tape cassettes, exhilaration would set in. The intellectual and emotional excitement I had previously experienced when a pertinent document would suddenly appear now waned in comparison to the gestures and words, the joy and anger doña Teodora offered. 20 She had not written down her thoughts; but the ideas, recollections, and images evoked by her lively oral expres- sion were jewels for anyone who wanted to know about the life of Mexicanas * in booming mining towns on both sides of the Mexico-United States border in the early twentieth 25 century. She never kept a diary. The thought of writing a memoir would have been put aside as presumptuous. But all her life doña Teodora had lived amidst the telling and retelling of family stories. Genealogies of her own family as well as complete and up-to-date information of the 30 marriages, births, and deaths of numerous families that made up her community were all well-kept memories. These chains of generations were fleshed out with recollec- tions of the many events and tribulations of these families. Oral history had proven to be a fertile field for my research 35 on the history of Mexicanas. My search had begun in libraries and archives—reposi- tories of conventional history. The available sources were to be found in census reports, church records, directories, and other such statistical information. These, however, as 40 important as they are, cannot provide one of the essential dimensions of history, the full narrative of the human experience that defies quantification and classification. In certain social groups this gap can be filled with diaries, memoirs, letters, or even reports from others. In the case of 45 Mexicanas in the United States, one of the many devastating consequences of defeat and conquest has been that the traditional institutions that preserve and transfer culture (the documentation of the past) have ignored these personal written sources. The letters, writings, and documents of 50 Mexican people have rarely, if ever, been included in archives, special collections, or libraries. At best, some centers have attempted to collect newspapers published by Mexicans, but the effort was started late. The historian who tries to reconstruct the past from newspapers is constantly 55 frustrated because, although titles abound, collections are scarce and often incomplete. Although many hours of previous study and preparation had taken me to doña Teodora's kitchen, I was initially unsure of my place. Was I really an insider or were the 60 experiences that had made the lives of my interviewees such that, although I could speak Spanish and am Mexicana, I was still an outsider? I realized, nonetheless, that the richness and depth of the spoken word challenges the comforting theories and models 65 of the social sciences. Mexican history challenges social- science models derived solely from victorious imperialistic experiences. Our history cannot be written without new sources. These sources will determine which concepts are needed to 70 illuminate and interpret the past, and these concepts will emerge from the people themselves. This will permit the description of events and structures to assume a culturally relevant perspective, thus emphasizing the point of view of the Mexican people. The use of theoretical constructs must 75 follow the voices of the people who live the reality, con- sciously or not. For too long the experiences of women have been studied according to male-oriented sources and constructs. These must be questioned. For the history of Mexican people, the sources primarily exist in our own 80 worlds. And it is here where we must begin. I often found that as the memory awakened, other sources would emerge. Boxes of letters, photographs, and even manuscripts and diaries would appear. Long-standing assumptions of illiteracy were shattered and had to be reexamined. I saw 85 that constant reevaluation became the rule rather than the exception. I entered women's worlds created on the margin —not only of Anglo life, but of, and outside of, the lives of their own fathers, husbands, sons, brothers, or priests, bosses, and bureaucrats. The author indicates that the "concepts" mentioned in lines 69-70 originate in

• personal experiences of historians who have interviewed many people
• informal records and information provided by ordinary people (Correct answer)
• systematic categories devised by historians for various types of sources
• patterns of social behavior that have been exhibited by previously studied cultures
• comments of senior members of a community on the ways the community has functioned

Correct answer: informal records and information provided by ordinary people

Lines 68-71 explicitly state, "Our history cannot be written without new sources. These sources will determine which concepts are needed to illuminate and interpret the past, and these concepts will emerge from the people themselves." This clearly indicates that the new concepts for understanding history should come directly from the experiences and perspectives of ordinary people, often conveyed through oral histories and personal accounts, which are informal records.

Question 69: How long will it take to reach a town 250 miles a way if you drive 50 miles per hour?

• 4 hours
• 10 hours
• 5 hours (Correct answer)
• 6 hours

Correct answer: 5 hours

To calculate the time it will take, use the formula Time = Distance / Speed. The distance is 250 miles, and the speed is 50 miles per hour. Dividing 250 miles by 50 miles per hour gives a travel time of 5 hours.

Question 70: What does 'eloquent' mean when describing a speaker?

• Telling funny jokes
• Using many technical terms
• Expressing ideas clearly and persuasively (Correct answer)
• Speaking loudly and quickly

Correct answer: Expressing ideas clearly and persuasively

Eloquent describes someone who is fluent and persuasive in speech or writing.

Question 71: "Who Deserves Immortality? (1) By creating monuments to their brilliance, America has traditionally honored its heroes. It would be difficult to find a town in America without at least a tiny statue honoring a significant individual. However, in recent years, some of the monuments we have built have come under scrutiny. Should we demolish monuments honoring people with a contentious past? (2) Monuments honoring generals and combatants from the Confederate Army during the Civil War are currently the most contentious monuments in America. How much should America respect those who left the union in an effort to maintain their ownership of slaves? Slavery is America's greatest sin, and the South is not only to responsible for this abomination; the Confederate Army was so opposed to the idea of abolition that they were prepared to wage war. These monuments' detractors contend that we shouldn't memorialize this kind of person and that recognizing them would be a continual insult to the people of color who now enjoy freedom in our nation. (3) Supporters of these monuments contend that removing them would be an effort to erase the history of our nation. They contend that it's crucial for us to commemorate the Civil War heroes from both sides. However, organizations in favor of these monuments frequently make the completely untrue claim that slavery played a minimal role in the Civil War. (4) The controversy over Civil War statues also brings to light the 600 or so monuments and tributes to one of America's most significant and contentious historical personalities. Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering America and creating this nation, according to people who adore his sculptures. Christopher Columbus conquered America and committed genocide (whether on purpose or accidentally, according to those who oppose his memorials) in order to seize control over a new continent. Is it OK to honor a man who killed tens of thousands of innocent people? (5) At the moment, America is having identity issues. The nation is attempting to determine the best way to honor our past while ignoring its flaws. The defense of these monuments asserts that to remove them would be to attempt to forget history. However, as monuments are designed to celebrate role models, America should remove any honoring of individuals who have committed acts of hatred and violence, such as Christopher Columbus and Confederate troops. We should make sure that our history books cover these individuals because they played significant roles in American history. But only the real American heroes deserve a place on our monuments. Which of the following claims would most effectively support the author's viewpoint in the article?"

• The killing of a lady in Charlottesville, Virginia, demonstrates that these monuments still raise delicate issues, and local governments should consider their residents' welfare before considering monument removal.
• America is still split over the monument debate, as evidenced by the killing of a woman in Charlottesville, Virginia, therefore we should hold off on taking any action until there is greater national consensus.
• Cities around the United States started taking the removal of controversial statues more seriously after white nationalist protestors in Charlottesville, Virginia, gathered against the removal of a monument, incited violence, and killed a woman. (Correct answer)
• Violence in Charlottesville, Virginia demonstrated that taking down these insensitive monuments is too risky, and local governments should give up on the effort.

Correct answer: Cities around the United States started taking the removal of controversial statues more seriously after white nationalist protestors in Charlottesville, Virginia, gathered against the removal of a monument, incited violence, and killed a woman.

The author's viewpoint is that monuments to figures who committed acts of hatred and violence should be removed. Option C supports this by demonstrating a real-world consequence—violence incited by those defending controversial monuments—that led to cities taking the removal of such statues more seriously. This shows a societal movement towards the author's proposed solution, reinforcing the idea that these monuments are problematic and should be addressed.

Question 72: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. (In many cultures they consider fish eggs a delicacy.)

• In many cultures they consider fish eggs a delicacy.
• They consider fish eggs to be a delicacy in many cultures.
• In many cultures fish eggs are considered a delicacy. (Correct answer)
• In many cultures a delicacy is considered to be fish eggs.
• Fish eggs, a delicacy in many cultures.

Correct answer: In many cultures fish eggs are considered a delicacy.

The original sentence uses the vague pronoun 'they' without a clear antecedent, making it less formal and precise. Option B revises the sentence into the passive voice ('fish eggs are considered'), making 'fish eggs' the subject and clarifying that they are considered a delicacy by people in those cultures. This improves clarity and grammatical correctness.

Question 73: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. Even though I have seen the movie countless times, I still (laughed when the sheriff throws his mug.)

• laugh when the sheriff will throw his mug.
• laughed when the sheriff throws his mug.
• laughed whenever the sheriff throws his mug.
• laugh when the sheriff threw his mug.
• laugh when the sheriff throws his mug. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: laugh when the sheriff throws his mug.

The phrase "I still" indicates a present, ongoing action or habit. Therefore, the verb describing the speaker's reaction should be in the present tense to maintain consistency. "Laugh" correctly matches "I still" and the present tense action "throws," making "I still laugh when the sheriff throws his mug" the grammatically correct and coherent statement.

Question 74: "Tornado Alert (1) Since there are more tornadoes in the United States than in any other nation in the world, it is crucial for Americans, especially those who live in high-risk areas, to be able to recognize the warning signs. Anyone in the path of a tornado runs the risk of death and great property destruction. Many lives will be saved if people are better able to predict when a tornado would make landfall. (2) It's crucial to first comprehend how and why tornadoes originate. A tornado is caused by particular weather patterns. In general, a tornado arises when the air temperature is unstable, which is frequently brought on by warm, humid conditions close to the ground and cooler conditions higher in the atmosphere. Wind conditions have a big role in tornadoes. For a tornado to form, there must be significant wind shear, or variations in the direction of the wind. Once it starts, a tornado won't stay on the ground for more than 20 minutes, but even in that short amount of time, it may cause a lot of damage. (3) So, how can people get ready for a possible tornado? It all comes down to recognizing the warning signs. People can keep an eye out for any obvious and rapid changes in the sky and clouds. For instance, the onset of a greenish hue in the sky could indicate the approach of a tornado. Similar to the appearance of a "wall" of clouds, an incoming cloud of debris may indicate the formation of a tornado. Sometimes hail will start to fall in place of the debris. In addition, a lot of people have talked about how there is a strange hush and stillness before a tornado. This is a perfect illustration of the cliché "calm before the storm." (4) Knowing the tornado warning signals, especially if you live in a location where they frequently occur, can give you the crucial time you need to find safety from the devastation. Because they are so challenging to forecast, tornadoes continue to confound meteorologists. Even though meteorologists have become very adept at spotting potential tornado risks, you won't have much time to prepare if a tornado is headed your way. It's best to be able to recognize the warning signs on your own and to be as ready as you can be in case/when a tornado strikes close to your home. What two factors appear to be crucial in the development of tornadoes, based on the passage?"

• Wind shear and air instability (Correct answer)
• Clouds and the sky
• Precipitation and temperature
• Time of day and wind shear

Correct answer: Wind shear and air instability

Paragraph 2 explicitly identifies two crucial factors for tornado formation. It states that a tornado arises when "the air temperature is unstable" (air instability) and that "there must be significant wind shear, or variations in the direction of the wind." These two conditions are presented as essential for a tornado to develop.

Question 75: But man is not destined to vanish. He can be killed, but he cannot be destroyed, because his soul is deathless and his spirit is irrepressible. Therefore, though the situation seems dark in the context of the confrontation between the superpowers, the silver lining is provided by amazing phenomenon that the very nations which have spent incalculable resources and energy for the production of deadly weapons are desperately trying to find out how they might never be used. They threaten each other, intimidate each other and go to the brink, but before the total hour arrives they withdraw from the brink. The main point from the author's view is that

• Man's safety is assured by the delicate balance of power in terms of nuclear weapons.
• Man's soul and spirit can not be destroyed by superpowers.
• Man's destiny is not fully clear or visible.
• Man's soul and spirit are immortal.
• Human society will survive despite the serious threat of total annihilation. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Human society will survive despite the serious threat of total annihilation.

The passage begins by asserting that 'man is not destined to vanish' and that his 'soul is deathless and his spirit is irrepressible.' Despite the threat of deadly weapons and superpower confrontation, the author highlights that these nations are 'desperately trying to find out how they might never be used.' This overall message conveys a strong belief in humanity's resilience and ultimate survival against existential threats.

Question 76: Flytraps are from Venus. (1) When you play outside, you can notice a lot of plants. Flowers, trees, and even grass are all considered to be plants. These are the kinds of things that come to mind when we think of plants. While plants eat from the sun, animals have mouths that allow them to consume food. But can you picture how a plant might appear if it had a mouth as an animal does? There is only one plant known as the Venus flytrap that has a mouth, so there is no need to conjure one up. (2) The Venus flytrap is a carnivore, meaning it eats meat, unlike the majority of plants. It consumes flies and other insects rather than hamburgers and chicken like people do. Because of the manner it entices its prey into its mouth before devouring it, the Venus flytrap was given its name after the Roman goddess of love, Venus. The plant waits immobile for its meal to arrive. It's dinner time when an insect goes into the mouth of a Venus flytrap without knowing what kind of plant it has landed on. (3) The "mouth" of the Venus flytrap has tiny, touch-sensitive hairs. These hairs clamp shut around the plant's prey when pressure is applied. It is uncommon for plants to move this quickly. The mouth shuts itself and transforms into a kind of stomach that digests the insect if it is too stuck to escape. (4) The Venus flytrap has a highly developed "mouth." The same hairs that are used to detect when an insect enters a trap are also used to distinguish between an insect and smaller particles like dust or pollen. The Venus flytrap's "mouth" won't close unless two or more of its pressure-sensitive hairs are activated. This makes the plant more successful at catching insects by preventing the "mouth" from shutting every time a bit of dirt hits it. (5) Don't expect to see the Venus flytrap in the woods behind the school because it is a rather uncommon plant. Venus flytraps prefer damp, marshy places, thus they frequent bogs close by. They only natively exist in the coastal bogs of the Carolinas in the United States. Although they have been successfully introduced to other regions, the Carolinas are still the only place where they naturally exist in the United States. To avoid becoming plant food, keep your hands away from their "mouths" if you spot one; otherwise, there's no reason to be afraid. What is the article's main objective?

• To educate readers about the Venus flytrap and how it differs from other types of plants. (Correct answer)
• To inspire readers to take action in order to save the threatened Venus flytrap.
• To persuade people to travel to the Carolinas in order to find the Venus flytrap.
• To educate readers about the various plant species that can be found in the United States.

Correct answer: To educate readers about the Venus flytrap and how it differs from other types of plants.

The article's primary focus is on describing the Venus flytrap, detailing its unique characteristics such as being a carnivore, having a 'mouth,' and its specific hunting mechanism. It consistently highlights how these features differentiate it from other plants. Therefore, the main objective is to educate readers about this distinct plant.

Question 77: Read the entire sentence. Joshua was unsure ____ or not he should ____ a sweater. Which phrase best fits the first empty space?

• Wear
• Where
• Whether (Correct answer)
• Weather

Correct answer: Whether

'Whether' is used to introduce a choice between alternatives, often followed by 'or not.' The sentence expresses Joshua's uncertainty about two options: wearing a sweater or not wearing one. 'Where' refers to a place, 'Wear' is a verb meaning to have on clothing, and 'Weather' refers to atmospheric conditions, none of which fit the context of choice.

Question 78: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. In countries such as China the government is recognizing the advantages of (a capitalist market rather than communism and adjust) economic policy accordingly.

• capitalist market rather than a communist market and adjusting (Correct answer)
• capitalist market rather than a communist market and adjust
• capitalist market rather than communism and adjust
• Capitalistic market nor a Communist market and adjusting
• capitalist market rather than Communism and adjust

Correct answer: capitalist market rather than a communist market and adjusting

The original sentence lacks parallelism and uses an incorrect verb form. To maintain parallelism, 'a capitalist market' should be compared to 'a communist market,' ensuring both phrases have a similar structure. Additionally, the verb 'adjust' needs to be in the present participle form ('adjusting') to parallel 'recognizing,' as both actions are ongoing and describe what the government is doing.

Question 79: Technology is rapidly expanding the scope of capabilities for both professional and personal use; such is the case with smart phones. Professionals now have devices available to them capable of digital media, internet access, phone communication, multi-person scheduling and office tools for documents and presentations. Businesspeople that are often mobile may maximize the use of these critical features on smart phones. Individuals who simply enjoy the luxury of multi-function devices often use these devices for frivolous pursuits such as downloading catchy ring tones, instant messaging about the latest gossip and looking up the world record for most cans crushed on one’s head during the Superbowl. This fusion of capabilities and increased availability of such devices could be a sign of a growing blend in society between work and personal life, or individuals could simply be taking a luxurious approach to their connectivity in personal lives. What is the purpose of the conclusion sentence?

• Present two possible explanations for the growing popularity of smart phones (Correct answer)
• Draw a conclusion about what we know smart phones can do
• Assume where technology is headed and how it will affect society
• Comment on human connectivity through the use of smart phones
• Predict how the government will regulate and guide future technology

Correct answer: Present two possible explanations for the growing popularity of smart phones

The conclusion sentence, 'This fusion of capabilities... could be a sign of a growing blend... or individuals could simply be taking a luxurious approach,' explicitly offers two distinct interpretations for the observed trends. It presents these as alternative explanations for why smart phones are becoming so popular and widely used. Therefore, its purpose is to offer these two possible reasons for the phenomenon discussed.

Question 80: Which sentence uses the word 'generate' correctly?

• The teacher generated the wrong answer.
• The factory will generate the old equipment.
• Exercise can generate energy and improve mood. (Correct answer)
• She tried to generate the broken machine.

Correct answer: Exercise can generate energy and improve mood.

Generate means to produce or create something, as exercise produces energy and positive effects.

Question 81: Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. "They have lived in an apartment __________ they arrived in Chicago."

• since (Correct answer)
• for
• during
• from

Correct answer: since

'Since' is used to indicate a starting point in time for an action or state that continues up to the present. The sentence describes an action (living in an apartment) that began at a specific past event (their arrival in Chicago) and has continued. 'For' indicates duration, 'from' usually requires a 'to' or 'until,' and 'during' indicates an action happening within a period.

Question 82: Flytraps are from Venus. (1) When you play outside, you can notice a lot of plants. Flowers, trees, and even grass are all considered to be plants. These are the kinds of things that come to mind when we think of plants. While plants eat from the sun, animals have mouths that allow them to consume food. But can you picture how a plant might appear if it had a mouth as an animal does? There is only one plant known as the Venus flytrap that has a mouth, so there is no need to conjure one up. (2) The Venus flytrap is a carnivore, meaning it eats meat, unlike the majority of plants. It consumes flies and other insects rather than hamburgers and chicken like people do. Because of the manner it entices its prey into its mouth before devouring it, the Venus flytrap was given its name after the Roman goddess of love, Venus. The plant waits immobile for its meal to arrive. It's dinner time when an insect goes into the mouth of a Venus flytrap without knowing what kind of plant it has landed on. (3) The "mouth" of the Venus flytrap has tiny, touch-sensitive hairs. The "mouth" around the plant's prey snaps shut when pressure is given to these hairs. It is uncommon for plants to move this quickly. The mouth shuts itself and transforms into a kind of stomach that digests the insect if it is too stuck to escape. (4) The Venus flytrap has a highly developed "mouth." The same hairs that are used to detect when an insect enters a trap are also used to distinguish between an insect and smaller particles like dust or pollen. The Venus flytrap's "mouth" won't close unless two or more of its pressure-sensitive hairs are activated. This makes the plant more successful at catching insects by preventing the "mouth" from shutting every time a bit of dirt hits it. (5) Don't expect to see the Venus flytrap in the woods behind the school because it is a rather uncommon plant. Venus flytraps prefer damp, marshy places, thus they frequent bogs close by. They only natively exist in the coastal bogs of the Carolinas in the United States. Although they have been successfully introduced to other regions, the Carolinas are still the only place where they naturally exist in the United States. To avoid becoming plant food, keep your hands away from their "mouths" if you spot one; otherwise, there's no reason to be afraid. Read the passage from the article. The "mouth" around the plant's prey snaps shut when pressure is given to these hairs. What does the word "prey" most nearly mean in this sentence?

• A message to a supernatural being.
• The mouth of the Venus flytrap.
• The way it hunts.
• The food it eats. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The food it eats.

In the context of the sentence, "The 'mouth' around the plant's prey snaps shut when pressure is given to these hairs," and given that the article describes the Venus flytrap as a carnivore that "consumes flies and other insects," 'prey' refers to the animals it hunts and eats. Therefore, it means the food it consumes.

Question 83: A toll is $2 for a car and the driver and 75 cent for each additional passenger. If the toll comes to $4.25, how many total people are in the car?

• 4 (Correct answer)
• 5
• 6
• 3

Correct answer: 4

First, subtract the base toll for the car and driver ($2.00) from the total toll paid ($4.25), leaving $2.25. This remaining amount covers the additional passengers. Divide $2.25 by the cost per additional passenger ($0.75) to find there are 3 additional passengers. Adding the initial driver to these 3 passengers gives a total of 4 people in the car.

Question 84: There are eight marbles in each of the first n columns. What is the value of n if we want 72 marbles total?

• 8
• 6
• 7
• 9 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 9

The problem states there are 8 marbles in each of 'n' columns, totaling 72 marbles. This can be represented by the equation 8 × n = 72. To find the value of 'n', divide the total number of marbles by the number of marbles per column. So, n = 72 ÷ 8, which means n = 9.

Question 85: The yearly towel sale is happening at Bathrooms 'R Us. Luxury bath towels are on sale for 20% off their regular price of $14. If Rita purchases four upscale bath towels, how much money does she save?

• $8.00
• $16.00
• $11.20 (Correct answer)
• $2.80

Correct answer: $11.20

First, calculate the savings per towel: 20% of $14 is 0.20 × $14 = $2.80. Since Rita purchases four towels, multiply the savings per towel by the number of towels. Total savings = $2.80 × 4 = $11.20.

Question 86: Which of the following has the proper spelling?

• glacier (Correct answer)
• transfering
• metalist
• asma

Correct answer: glacier

'Glacier' is the only word among the options that is spelled correctly. 'Asma' should be 'asthma,' 'metalist' should be 'metallist' (or 'metalworker'), and 'transfering' should be 'transferring' (doubling the 'r' before adding -ing). Correct spelling is essential for clear communication.

Question 87: Which of the following sentences is correct?

• The group liked the play and thought it was excited.
• The weather became nice later in the day. (Correct answer)
• Shannon ran real hard to try to win the race.
• The boy forgot to feed his fish, so the fish was very hunger for the rest of the day.

Correct answer: The weather became nice later in the day.

Option C is grammatically correct and uses words appropriately. Option A incorrectly uses 'real' (an adjective) instead of 'really' (an adverb) to modify 'hard.' Option B uses 'excited' (describing a feeling) instead of 'exciting' (describing the play). Option D incorrectly uses 'hunger' (a noun) instead of 'hungry' (an adjective) to describe the fish's state.

Question 88: 234 x 4 = ?

• None of these
• 896
• 926
• 976
• 936 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 936

To multiply 234 by 4, perform standard multiplication. Multiply 4 by 4 (16, write 6 carry 1), then 4 by 3 (12, add carry 1 to get 13, write 3 carry 1), and finally 4 by 2 (8, add carry 1 to get 9). Combining these results in 936.

Question 89: Read the entire sentence. Richard and Shyanne ______ both taking the test after school tomorrow. Which word completes the statement correctly?

• are (Correct answer)
• am
• is
• was

Correct answer: are

The subject of the sentence, "Richard and Shyanne," is a compound subject consisting of two individuals, making it plural. For a plural subject, the correct form of the verb "to be" in the present tense is "are." Therefore, "Richard and Shyanne are both taking the test after school tomorrow" maintains proper subject-verb agreement.

Question 90: "Violent Ways (1) When it comes to their passion of sports, the modern world is experiencing a bit of an identity crisis. We are concerned about sports violence at one end of the spectrum. The possibility of head trauma in football worries us. We are concerned that by concentrating so intensely on one sport so young, our kids' bodies are suffering. We contend that in order to protect our athletes, we must modify our current systems. However, violent sports like mixed martial arts are now more popular than ever. How do we account for our seemingly contradictory attitudes about athletes? Why do people get upset when a quarterback is hit too hard yet applaud when a fighter passes out on the mat like a dead tree? (2) The response to these queries is both straightforward and intricate. The short explanation is that a sport like mixed martial arts, which involves two individuals fighting in a ring, is meant to be violent. The movement of the ball from one area to the next is the focus of football, on the other hand. It would be incredibly naive to claim that football is not about violence, though. The issue becomes more challenging at that point. What remains when we take football's brutality out? (3) It plays to our human nature, which is the more nuanced and melancholy explanation for why we can't seem to decide whether or not we want violence. Players are the new gladiators, and the football field is the new Colosseum. The instinct for survival is one of the strongest in humans. The fact that we are naturally drawn to those in danger and their struggle for existence makes us amused when they are in danger. We don't want to see people suffer, but that doesn't make us wicked. But we want to see people getting hit. (4) The issue is that violence in sports has no clear-cut answer. At the same time, we desire it and don't want it. It appears that our culture has opted to permit it in some contexts where we believe it belongs, such as mixed martial arts, while decrying it in others, such as football. Football supporters are concerned about what will happen to the sport in the next years as more stories of brain injuries emerge. But it's most probable that nothing will alter. We will debate the need for action over supper, go to the Colosseum to support each major victory, and then return home. Which of the following statements about the author's viewpoint in paragraph 4 may the audience infer?"

• People do not want violence when they think rationally, but they relish it while they are in the moment. (Correct answer)
• The actual solution to our issue with violence in sports is tighter regulation to ensure the safety of our athletes.
• It is becoming increasingly challenging to reduce violence in other sports as a result of the popularity of violent sports like mixed martial arts.
• Our nation won't be able to resolve its violence issue unless we stop supporting football.

Correct answer: People do not want violence when they think rationally, but they relish it while they are in the moment.

Paragraph 4 explicitly states, 'At the same time, we desire it and don't want it.' The concluding sentence, 'We will debate the need for action over supper, go to the Colosseum to support each major victory, and then return home,' illustrates this duality. It shows people rationally discussing the problem (not wanting violence) but then actively participating in and enjoying the violent spectacle (relishing it in the moment).

Question 91: How much per pretzel do you save by purchasing "3 pretzels for $10" as opposed to merely purchasing "1 pretzel for $4"?

• $0.4
• $1.00
• $0.33
• $0.67 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: $0.67

First, calculate the cost per pretzel for each option. Purchasing '1 pretzel for $4' means a cost of $4.00 per pretzel. Purchasing '3 pretzels for $10' means a cost of $10.00 / 3 = $3.33 (approximately) per pretzel. The savings per pretzel is the difference between these two prices: $4.00 - $3.33 = $0.67.

Question 92: Disequilibrium at the interface of water and air is a factor on which the transfer of heat and water vapor from the ocean to the air depends. The air within about a millimeter of the water is almost saturated with water vapor and the temperature of the air is close to that of the surface water. Irrespective of how small these differences might be, they are crucial, and the disequilibrium is maintained by air near the surface mixing with air higher up, which is typically appreciably cooler and lower in water vapor content. The turbulence, which takes its energy from the wind mixes the air. As the speed of wind increases, so does the turbulence, and consequently the rate of heat and moisture transfer. We can arrive at a detailed understanding of this phenomenon after further study. The transfer of momentum from wind to water, which occurs when waves are formed is an interacting-and complicated phenomenon. When waves are made by the wind, it transfers important amounts of energy-energy, which is consequently not available for the production of turbulence. This passage principally intends to:

• reinforce certain research findings
• tabulate various observations
• sketch a theory
• attempt a description of a phenomenon (Correct answer)
• resolve a controversy

Correct answer: attempt a description of a phenomenon

The passage primarily focuses on explaining the intricate processes of "transfer of heat and water vapor from the ocean to the air" and the "transfer of momentum from wind to water." It uses descriptive language to detail how disequilibrium is maintained, how turbulence mixes air, and how wind creates waves. The phrase "We can arrive at a detailed understanding of this phenomenon after further study" explicitly identifies its purpose as describing a scientific phenomenon.

Question 93: What time period comes the closest to 5.67 hours?

• 5 hours, 50 minutes
• 5 hours, 40 minutes (Correct answer)
• 5 hours, 45 minutes
• 5 hours, 35 minutes

Correct answer: 5 hours, 40 minutes

To convert the decimal part of the hours into minutes, multiply the decimal (0.67) by 60 minutes per hour. This calculation results in 40.2 minutes. Therefore, 5.67 hours is equivalent to 5 hours and 40.2 minutes, which is closest to 5 hours, 40 minutes.

Question 94: To make a paper airplane, follow these steps. First, choose a _____ of paper. You should choose paper that is both durable and lightweight. It will glide effectively but won't hit the ground right away. In the same way as you would if you were about to write on the paper, lay it out in front of you. Next, fold the top two corners of the paper together and downward to form a point at the top. After doing so, fold the paper in half vertically. Fold roughly an inch of the paper back against himself with your right hand when the paper opens to the right. With your right hand, flip the paper over and repeat the process. Litzy is struggling to fill in the blank with the right word. Which word most closely matches the blank in her paragraph's second sentence?

• peas
• piece (Correct answer)
• peece
• peace

Correct answer: piece

The blank requires a word that refers to a single, separate part of something, specifically a sheet of paper. 'Piece' (B) is the correct homophone for this context. 'Peace' refers to a state of tranquility, 'peas' are a type of vegetable, and 'peece' is not a standard English word.

Question 95: 2/9 + 3/9 = ?

• 5/18
• None of these
• 1 5/9
• 5/9 (Correct answer)
• 6/9

Correct answer: 5/9

When adding fractions that have the same denominator, you simply add their numerators and keep the denominator unchanged. For 2/9 + 3/9, you add 2 and 3 to get 5, while the denominator remains 9. Therefore, the sum is 5/9.

Question 96: AlarmCo provides alarm systems to homes and businesses. They bill for their services on a monthly bill. Their first bill is shown below. This bill covers what month?

• Unknown
• July
• May
• June (Correct answer)

Correct answer: June

The bill clearly indicates the 'Service Period' as 'June 1 - June 30.' This directly states that the services being billed for were provided during the month of June. Therefore, the bill covers the month of June.

Question 97: Angel _______ up this morning when she heard the sound of crackling bacon. Which word completes the statement correctly?

• awake
• awoken
• waken
• woke (Correct answer)

Correct answer: woke

The sentence describes a completed action in the past ("this morning"). "Woke" is the simple past tense of the verb "to wake," which correctly describes Angel's action of waking up. "Awake" is typically an adjective, and "awoken" is a past participle requiring an auxiliary verb (e.g., "had awoken").

Question 98: You are required to produce a book report on 1984 that includes a one-paragraph summary of the text. Which of the following would be the most effective way to start that paragraph?

• George Orwell intended 1984 as a cautionary tale for what he feared society might develop into.
• Aldous Huxley gave what he believed to be a more realistic prediction of humankind's future in A Brave New World, which he wrote as a sort of counterargument to 1984.
• The relevance of 1984 today is the same as it was then.
• 1984 is a book about Winston, a man who lives in a dystopian future. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 1984 is a book about Winston, a man who lives in a dystopian future.

An effective opening for a summary paragraph should immediately introduce the book and its central premise or protagonist. Option D directly states the book's title, identifies the main character (Winston), and provides the essential setting (dystopian future). This sets a clear and concise foundation for the summary that follows.

Question 99: Which of the following sentences is correct?

• Natalie was feeling better after a bout with pneumonia. (Correct answer)
• Natalie was feeling better after a bunch of pneumonia.
• Natalie was feeling better after about with pneumonia.
• Natalie was feeling better after a bount with pneumonia.

Correct answer: Natalie was feeling better after a bout with pneumonia.

Option C is the only grammatically correct sentence with proper word usage. The phrase 'a bout with pneumonia' correctly refers to a period of illness or struggle with the condition. Options A, B, and D contain misspellings ('bount') or incorrect word choices ('bunch of,' 'about') that alter the intended meaning.

Question 100: Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. "She chose ___________ blue and purple for her nail color."

• of
• through
• between (Correct answer)
• among

Correct answer: between

'Between' is the correct preposition to use when referring to two distinct items or choices. In this sentence, the choice is specifically between 'blue and purple,' which are two colors. 'Among' is used for three or more items, and 'through' or 'of' do not fit the context of making a selection from a limited pair of options.

Question 101: Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. "___________ the best friends to have."

• There
• They is
• They're (Correct answer)
• Their

Correct answer: They're

The correct word is 'They're,' which is a contraction of 'they are.' The sentence requires a subject pronoun ('they') and a verb ('are') to form a complete thought, meaning 'They are the best friends to have.' 'Their' is a possessive pronoun, and 'There' indicates a place or introduces a sentence, neither of which fits the grammatical need here.

Question 102: A book regularly sells for $28. If the book is on sale for "20% off", how much is the sales price of the book?

• $25.20
• $22.40 (Correct answer)
• $21.20
• $5.60

Correct answer: $22.40

To find the sales price, first calculate the discount amount. A 20% discount on a $28 book is 0.20 × $28 = $5.60. Then, subtract the discount from the regular price: $28.00 - $5.60 = $22.40. This is the sales price of the book.

Question 103: Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence."___________ went to the movies last weekend."

• Her and I
• She and I (Correct answer)
• She and me
• Her and me

Correct answer: She and I

When referring to yourself and another person as the subject of a sentence, both pronouns must be in the subjective case. 'She' and 'I' are subject pronouns, correctly functioning as the subjects of the verb 'went.' 'Me' and 'her' are object pronouns and would be grammatically incorrect in the subject position.

Question 104: Read the entire sentence. The housing market is changing ________ many younger people aren’t making enough money to afford to buy a house. Which word completes the statement correctly?

• because (Correct answer)
• https://www.facebook.com/tagdangua?mibextid=LQQJ4d
• in fact
• even though

Correct answer: because

The word 'because' correctly introduces a clause that explains the reason or cause for the preceding statement. In this sentence, the fact that younger people aren't making enough money is the reason 'why' the housing market is changing. Therefore, 'because' logically connects the two parts of the sentence, indicating a cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 105: Which word means the same as 'gregarious'?

• Aggressive
• Solitary
• Timid
• Outgoing (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Outgoing

Gregarious means fond of company and sociable, which is the same as outgoing.

Question 106: In this passage a Mexican American historian describes a technique she used as part of her research. Doña Teodora offered me yet another cup of strong, black coffee. The aroma of the big, paper-thin Sonoran tortillas filled the small, linoleum-covered kitchen, and I Line knew that with the coffee I would receive a buttered tortilla 5 straight from the round, homemade comal (a flat, earthen- ware cooking pan) balanced on the gas-burning stove. For three days, from ten in the morning until early evening, I had been sitting in the same comfortable wooden chair, taking cup after cup of black coffee and consuming hot 10 tortillas. Doña Teodora was ninety years old, and although she would take occasional breaks from patting, extending, and turning over tortillas to let her cat in or out, it appeared that I was the only one exhausted at the end of the day. But once out, as I went over the notes, filed and organized the 15 tape cassettes, exhilaration would set in. The intellectual and emotional excitement I had previously experienced when a pertinent document would suddenly appear now waned in comparison to the gestures and words, the joy and anger doña Teodora offered. 20 She had not written down her thoughts; but the ideas, recollections, and images evoked by her lively oral expres- sion were jewels for anyone who wanted to know about the life of Mexicanas * in booming mining towns on both sides of the Mexico-United States border in the early twentieth 25 century. She never kept a diary. The thought of writing a memoir would have been put aside as presumptuous. But all her life doña Teodora had lived amidst the telling and retelling of family stories. Genealogies of her own family as well as complete and up-to-date information of the 30 marriages, births, and deaths of numerous families that made up her community were all well-kept memories. These chains of generations were fleshed out with recollec- tions of the many events and tribulations of these families. Oral history had proven to be a fertile field for my research 35 on the history of Mexicanas. My search had begun in libraries and archives—reposi- tories of conventional history. The available sources were to be found in census reports, church records, directories, and other such statistical information. These, however, as 40 important as they are, cannot provide one of the essential dimensions of history, the full narrative of the human experience that defies quantification and classification. In certain social groups this gap can be filled with diaries, memoirs, letters, or even reports from others. In the case of 45 Mexicanas in the United States, one of the many devastating consequences of defeat and conquest has been that the traditional institutions that preserve and transfer culture (the documentation of the past) have ignored these personal written sources. The letters, writings, and documents of 50 Mexican people have rarely, if ever, been included in archives, special collections, or libraries. At best, some centers have attempted to collect newspapers published by Mexicans, but the effort was started late. The historian who tries to reconstruct the past from newspapers is constantly 55 frustrated because, although titles abound, collections are scarce and often incomplete. Although many hours of previous study and preparation had taken me to doña Teodora's kitchen, I was initially unsure of my place. Was I really an insider or were the 60 experiences that had made the lives of my interviewees such that, although I could speak Spanish and am Mexicana, I was still an outsider? I realized, nonetheless, that the richness and depth of the spoken word challenges the comforting theories and models 65 of the social sciences. Mexican history challenges social- science models derived solely from victorious imperialistic experiences. Our history cannot be written without new sources. These sources will determine which concepts are needed to 70 illuminate and interpret the past, and these concepts will emerge from the people themselves. This will permit the description of events and structures to assume a culturally relevant perspective, thus emphasizing the point of view of the Mexican people. The use of theoretical constructs must 75 follow the voices of the people who live the reality, con- sciously or not. For too long the experiences of women have been studied according to male-oriented sources and constructs. These must be questioned. For the history of Mexican people, the sources primarily exist in our own 80 worlds. And it is here where we must begin. I often found that as the memory awakened, other sources would emerge. Boxes of letters, photographs, and even manuscripts and diaries would appear. Long-standing assumptions of illiteracy were shattered and had to be reexamined. I saw 85 that constant reevaluation became the rule rather than the exception. I entered women's worlds created on the margin —not only of Anglo life, but of, and outside of, the lives of their own fathers, husbands, sons, brothers, or priests, bosses, and bureaucrats. In line 59, "place" most nearly means

• geographical location
• appropriate moment
• role (Correct answer)
• home
• duty

Correct answer: role

In the context of the author's question, "Was I really an insider or were the experiences that had made the lives of my interviewees such that, although I could speak Spanish and am Mexicana, I was still an outsider?", "place" refers to her position or function within the research dynamic. It questions her identity and connection to the community she is studying, which is her "role" as a researcher in relation to her subjects.

Question 107: (1) When it comes to their passion of sports, the modern world is experiencing a bit of an identity crisis. We are concerned about sports violence at one end of the spectrum. The possibility of head trauma in football worries us. We are concerned that by concentrating so intensely on one sport so young, our kids' bodies are suffering. We contend that in order to protect our athletes, we must modify our current systems. However, violent sports like mixed martial arts are now more popular than ever. How do we account for our seemingly contradictory attitudes about athletes? Why do people get upset when a quarterback is hit too hard yet applaud when a fighter passes out on the mat like a dead tree? (2) The response to these queries is both straightforward and intricate. The short explanation is that a sport like mixed martial arts, which involves two individuals fighting in a ring, is meant to be violent. The movement of the ball from one area to the next is the focus of football, on the other hand. It would be incredibly naive to claim that football is not about violence, though. The issue becomes more challenging at that point. What remains when we take football's brutality out? (3) It plays to our human nature, which is the more nuanced and melancholy explanation for why we can't seem to decide whether or not we want violence. Players are the new gladiators, and the football field is the new Colosseum. The instinct for survival is one of the strongest in humans. The fact that we are naturally drawn to those in danger and their struggle for existence makes us amused when they are in danger. We don't want to see people suffer, but that doesn't make us wicked. But we want to see people getting hit. (4) The issue is that violence in sports has no clear-cut answer. At the same time, we desire it and don't want it. It appears that our culture has opted to permit it in some contexts where we believe it belongs, such as mixed martial arts, while decrying it in others, such as football. Football supporters are concerned about what will happen to the sport in the next years as more stories of brain injuries emerge. But it's most probable that nothing will alter. We will debate the need for action over supper, go to the Colosseum to support each major victory, and then return home. Read the following clause in the passage. Players are the new gladiators, and the football field is the new Colosseum. The statement "the players are the new gladiators" refers to which of these?

• In the same manner that people enjoyed watching gladiators commit suicide in ancient Rome, they enjoy watching football players collide with one another. (Correct answer)
• Football is an outdated game that needs to fall just like the empire of Rome fell.
• The more we watch football, the more we succumb to our irrational tendencies and damage our civilization.
• Football players seek to hurt each other and are vicious.

Correct answer: In the same manner that people enjoyed watching gladiators commit suicide in ancient Rome, they enjoy watching football players collide with one another.

The passage draws a direct parallel between modern football and ancient gladiatorial contests. It explains that humans are 'naturally drawn to those in danger and their struggle for existence,' and while we don't want people to suffer, 'we want to see people getting hit.' This comparison highlights the primal enjoyment derived from watching violent collisions in sports, similar to how audiences in ancient Rome watched gladiators.

Question 108: Who Deserves Immortality? (1) By creating monuments to their brilliance, America has traditionally honored its heroes. It would be difficult to find a town in America without at least a tiny statue honoring a significant individual. However, in recent years, some of the monuments we have built have come under scrutiny. Should we demolish monuments honoring people with a contentious past? (2) Monuments honoring generals and combatants from the Confederate Army during the Civil War are currently the most contentious monuments in America. How much should America respect those who left the union in an effort to maintain their ownership of slaves? Slavery is America's greatest sin, and the South is not only to responsible for this abomination; the Confederate Army was so opposed to the idea of abolition that they were prepared to wage war. These monuments' detractors contend that we shouldn't memorialize this kind of person and that recognizing them would be a continual insult to the people of color who now enjoy freedom in our nation. (3) Supporters of these monuments contend that removing them would be an effort to erase the history of our nation. They contend that it's crucial for us to commemorate the Civil War heroes from both sides. However, organizations in favor of these monuments frequently make the completely untrue claim that slavery played a minimal role in the Civil War. (4) The controversy over Civil War statues also brings to light the 600 or so monuments and tributes to one of America's most significant and contentious historical personalities. Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering America and creating this nation, according to people who adore his sculptures. Christopher Columbus conquered America and committed genocide (whether on purpose or accidentally, according to those who oppose his memorials) in order to seize control over a new continent. Is it OK to honor a man who killed tens of thousands of innocent people? (5) At the moment, America is having identity issues. The nation is attempting to determine the best way to honor our past while ignoring its flaws. The defense of these monuments asserts that to remove them would be to attempt to forget history. However, as monuments are designed to celebrate role models, America should remove any honoring of individuals who have committed acts of hatred and violence, such as Christopher Columbus and Confederate troops. We should make sure that our history books cover these individuals because they played significant roles in American history. But only the real American heroes deserve a place on our monuments. Read the passage from the article. However, organizations in favor of these monuments frequently make the completely untrue claim that slavery played a minimal role in the Civil War. Which word in the sentence has the same meaning as "advocating"?

• Speaking
• Opposing
• Caring
• Supporting (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Supporting

The phrase "in favor of these monuments" directly indicates that these organizations are actively supporting or promoting the existence of the monuments. To "advocate" means to publicly recommend or support a particular cause or policy. Therefore, "supporting" is the most accurate synonym for "advocating" in this context, as it conveys the idea of active endorsement.

Question 109: The following passage is from a discussion of various ways that living creatures have been classified over the years. The world can be classified in different ways, depending on one's interests and principles of clas- sification. The classifications (also known as Line taxonomies) in turn determine which comparisons 5 seem natural or unnatural, which literal or analog- ical. For example, it has been common to classify living creatures into three distinct groups—plants, animals, and humans. According to this classifica- tion, human beings are not a special kind of 10 animal, nor animals a special kind of plant. Thus any comparisons between the three groups are strictly analogical. Reasoning from inheritance in garden peas to inheritance in fruit flies, and from these two species to inheritance in human beings, 15 is sheer poetic metaphor. Another mode of classifying living creatures is commonly attributed to Aristotle. Instead of treat- ing plants, animals, and humans as distinct groups, they are nested. All living creatures 20 possess a vegetative soul that enables them to grow and metabolize. Of these, some also have a sensory soul that enables them to sense their envi- ronments and move. One species also has a rational soul that is capable of true understanding. 25 Thus, human beings are a special sort of animal, and animals are a special sort of plant. Given this classification, reasoning from human beings to all other species with respect to the attributes of the vegetative soul is legitimate, reasoning from 30 human beings to other animals with respect to the attributes of the sensory soul is also legitimate, but reasoning from the rational characteristics of the human species to any other species is merely analogical. According to both classifications, the 35 human species is unique. In the first, it has a king- dom all to itself; in the second, it stands at the pinnacle of the taxonomic hierarchy. Homo sapiens is unique. All species are. But this sort of uniqueness is not enough for many 40 (probably most) people, philosophers included. For some reason, it is very important that the species to which we belong be uniquely unique. It is of utmost importance that the human species be insulated from all other species with respect to 45 how we explain certain qualities. Human beings clearly are capable of developing and learning languages. For some reason, it is very important that the waggle dance performed by bees * not count as a genuine language. I have never been 50 able to understand why. I happen to think that the waggle dance differs from human languages to such a degree that little is gained by terming them both "languages," but even if "language" is so defined that the waggle dance slips in, bees still 55 remain bees. It is equally important to some that no other species use tools. No matter how inge- nious other species get in the manipulation of objects in their environment, it is absolutely essential that nothing they do count as "tool use." 60 I, however, fail to see what difference it makes whether any of these devices such as probes and anvils, etc. are really tools. All the species involved remain distinct biological species no matter what decisions are made. Similar observa- 65 tions hold for rationality and anything a computer might do. According to the author, what is most responsible for influencing our perception of a comparison between species?

• The behavior of the organisms in their natural environment
• The style of language used by scientists in presenting their research
• The magnitude of hierarchical distance between a species and Homo sapiens
• The sophistication of the communication between organisms
• The organizational scheme imposed on the living world by researchers and philosophers (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The organizational scheme imposed on the living world by researchers and philosophers

The passage explicitly states in lines 3-6 that 'The classifications (also known as taxonomies) in turn determine which comparisons seem natural or unnatural, which literal or analogical.' This indicates that the way living creatures are categorized by researchers and philosophers directly dictates how we perceive similarities and differences between species.

Question 110: 7/10 + 4/10 = ?

• 3/10
• 1 1/10 (Correct answer)
• None of these
• 28/10
• 11/20

Correct answer: 1 1/10

When adding fractions with the same denominator, simply add the numerators and keep the denominator. So, 7/10 + 4/10 = (7+4)/10 = 11/10. To express this as a mixed number, divide 11 by 10, which gives 1 with a remainder of 1, resulting in 1 1/10.

Question 111: If you pay $22.90 for a DVD that includes a 7% sales tax, what is the price of the DVD before the sales tax?

• $20.95
• $21.40 (Correct answer)
• $21.30
• $21.50

Correct answer: $21.40

The total price paid ($22.90) represents the original price plus the 7% sales tax. This means $22.90 is 107% (or 1.07) of the original price. To find the price before tax, divide the total price by 1.07. Therefore, $22.90 / 1.07 equals $21.40, which is the DVD's price before sales tax.

Question 112: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. During the (summer many students go away to summer camps that teach them skills about camaraderie, perseverance and integrity.)

• summer many students go away to camps that teach them skills about camaraderie, perseverance and integrity. (Correct answer)
• Summer many students go away to summer camps that teach them skills about camaraderie, perseverance and integrity.
• Summer many students go away to camps that teach them skills about camaraderie, perseverance and integrity.
• summer many students go away to summer camps that teach them skills about camaraderie, perseverance and maintaining integrity.
• summer many students go away to summer camps that teach them skills about camaraderie, perseverance and integrity.

Correct answer: summer many students go away to camps that teach them skills about camaraderie, perseverance and integrity.

The original sentence contains redundancy with 'summer camps' and 'summer.' The most concise and correct revision removes the redundant 'summer' before 'camps,' as the context already establishes it's during the summer. Additionally, 'summer' (the season) is a common noun and should not be capitalized unless it's part of a proper noun.

Question 113: What is 15% of 240?

• 36 (Correct answer)
• 34
• 30
• 40

Correct answer: 36

15% of 240 = 0.15 × 240 = 36. You can also compute 10% of 240 = 24, plus 5% of 240 = 12, giving 24 + 12 = 36.

Question 114: The following passage is from a discussion of various ways that living creatures have been classified over the years. The world can be classified in different ways, depending on one's interests and principles of clas- sification. The classifications (also known as Line taxonomies) in turn determine which comparisons 5 seem natural or unnatural, which literal or analog- ical. For example, it has been common to classify living creatures into three distinct groups—plants, animals, and humans. According to this classifica- tion, human beings are not a special kind of 10 animal, nor animals a special kind of plant. Thus any comparisons between the three groups are strictly analogical. Reasoning from inheritance in garden peas to inheritance in fruit flies, and from these two species to inheritance in human beings, 15 is sheer poetic metaphor. Another mode of classifying living creatures is commonly attributed to Aristotle. Instead of treat- ing plants, animals, and humans as distinct groups, they are nested. All living creatures 20 possess a vegetative soul that enables them to grow and metabolize. Of these, some also have a sensory soul that enables them to sense their envi- ronments and move. One species also has a rational soul that is capable of true understanding. 25 Thus, human beings are a special sort of animal, and animals are a special sort of plant. Given this classification, reasoning from human beings to all other species with respect to the attributes of the vegetative soul is legitimate, reasoning from 30 human beings to other animals with respect to the attributes of the sensory soul is also legitimate, but reasoning from the rational characteristics of the human species to any other species is merely analogical. According to both classifications, the 35 human species is unique. In the first, it has a king- dom all to itself; in the second, it stands at the pinnacle of the taxonomic hierarchy. Homo sapiens is unique. All species are. But this sort of uniqueness is not enough for many 40 (probably most) people, philosophers included. For some reason, it is very important that the species to which we belong be uniquely unique. It is of utmost importance that the human species be insulated from all other species with respect to 45 how we explain certain qualities. Human beings clearly are capable of developing and learning languages. For some reason, it is very important that the waggle dance performed by bees * not count as a genuine language. I have never been 50 able to understand why. I happen to think that the waggle dance differs from human languages to such a degree that little is gained by terming them both "languages," but even if "language" is so defined that the waggle dance slips in, bees still 55 remain bees. It is equally important to some that no other species use tools. No matter how inge- nious other species get in the manipulation of objects in their environment, it is absolutely essential that nothing they do count as "tool use." 60 I, however, fail to see what difference it makes whether any of these devices such as probes and anvils, etc. are really tools. All the species involved remain distinct biological species no matter what decisions are made. Similar observa- 65 tions hold for rationality and anything a computer might do. In line 44, "insulated from" means

• warmed by
• segregated from (Correct answer)
• protected from
• barred from
• covered with

Correct answer: segregated from

In line 44, the passage states, "It is of utmost importance that the human species be insulated from all other species with respect to how we explain certain qualities." This implies a desire to keep humans separate or distinct from other species when discussing specific attributes. "Segregated from" means to set apart or separate from, which accurately reflects the intention of preventing shared explanations or comparisons.

Question 115: Violent Ways (1) When it comes to their passion of sports, the modern world is experiencing a bit of an identity crisis. We are concerned about sports violence at one end of the spectrum. The possibility of head trauma in football worries us. We are concerned that by concentrating so intensely on one sport so young, our kids' bodies are suffering. We contend that in order to protect our athletes, we must modify our current systems. However, violent sports like mixed martial arts are now more popular than ever. How do we account for our seemingly contradictory attitudes about athletes? Why do people get upset when a quarterback is hit too hard yet applaud when a fighter passes out on the mat like a dead tree? (2) The response to these queries is both straightforward and intricate. The short explanation is that a sport like mixed martial arts, which involves two individuals fighting in a ring, is meant to be violent. The movement of the ball from one area to the next is the focus of football, on the other hand. It would be incredibly naive to claim that football is not about violence, though. The issue becomes more challenging at that point. What remains when we take football's brutality out? (3) It plays to our human nature, which is the more nuanced and melancholy explanation for why we can't seem to decide whether or not we want violence. Players are the new gladiators, and the football field is the new Colosseum. The instinct for survival is one of the strongest in humans. The fact that we are naturally drawn to those in danger and their struggle for existence makes us amused when they are in danger. We don't want to see people suffer, but that doesn't make us wicked. But we want to see people getting hit. (4) The issue is that violence in sports has no clear-cut answer. At the same time, we desire it and don't want it. It appears that our culture has opted to permit it in some contexts where we believe it belongs, such as mixed martial arts, while decrying it in others, such as football. Football supporters are concerned about what will happen to the sport in the next years as more stories of brain injuries emerge. But it's most probable that nothing will alter. We will debate the need for action over supper, go to the Colosseum to support each major victory, and then return home. Which of the following best sums up the article's structure?

• The reader is left to choose which side they agree with after the author offers two conflicting viewpoints on a challenging issue.
• The author presents a challenging issue before delving into it in more detail later on. (Correct answer)
• The author offers a thorough, step-by-step process for resolving a challenging issue.
• The author presents a challenging issue before outlining many potential fixes.

Correct answer: The author presents a challenging issue before delving into it in more detail later on.

The article begins in paragraph 1 by introducing a 'challenging issue' – society's identity crisis regarding sports violence. Subsequent paragraphs, particularly paragraphs 2 and 3, then delve deeper into this issue, offering 'straightforward and intricate' responses and a 'nuanced and melancholy explanation.' This structure shows the author presenting a problem and then elaborating on its complexities rather than offering solutions or conflicting viewpoints for the reader to choose from.

Question 116: The following passage is from a discussion of various ways that living creatures have been classified over the years. The world can be classified in different ways, depending on one's interests and principles of clas- sification. The classifications (also known as Line taxonomies) in turn determine which comparisons 5 seem natural or unnatural, which literal or analog- ical. For example, it has been common to classify living creatures into three distinct groups—plants, animals, and humans. According to this classifica- tion, human beings are not a special kind of 10 animal, nor animals a special kind of plant. Thus any comparisons between the three groups are strictly analogical. Reasoning from inheritance in garden peas to inheritance in fruit flies, and from these two species to inheritance in human beings, 15 is sheer poetic metaphor. Another mode of classifying living creatures is commonly attributed to Aristotle. Instead of treat- ing plants, animals, and humans as distinct groups, they are nested. All living creatures 20 possess a vegetative soul that enables them to grow and metabolize. Of these, some also have a sensory soul that enables them to sense their envi- ronments and move. One species also has a rational soul that is capable of true understanding. 25 Thus, human beings are a special sort of animal, and animals are a special sort of plant. Given this classification, reasoning from human beings to all other species with respect to the attributes of the vegetative soul is legitimate, reasoning from 30 human beings to other animals with respect to the attributes of the sensory soul is also legitimate, but reasoning from the rational characteristics of the human species to any other species is merely analogical. According to both classifications, the 35 human species is unique. In the first, it has a king- dom all to itself; in the second, it stands at the pinnacle of the taxonomic hierarchy. Homo sapiens is unique. All species are. But this sort of uniqueness is not enough for many 40 (probably most) people, philosophers included. For some reason, it is very important that the species to which we belong be uniquely unique. It is of utmost importance that the human species be insulated from all other species with respect to 45 how we explain certain qualities. Human beings clearly are capable of developing and learning languages. For some reason, it is very important that the waggle dance performed by bees * not count as a genuine language. I have never been 50 able to understand why. I happen to think that the waggle dance differs from human languages to such a degree that little is gained by terming them both "languages," but even if "language" is so defined that the waggle dance slips in, bees still 55 remain bees. It is equally important to some that no other species use tools. No matter how inge- nious other species get in the manipulation of objects in their environment, it is absolutely essential that nothing they do count as "tool use." 60 I, however, fail to see what difference it makes whether any of these devices such as probes and anvils, etc. are really tools. All the species involved remain distinct biological species no matter what decisions are made. Similar observa- 65 tions hold for rationality and anything a computer might do. Which of the following is NOT possible within an Aristotelian classification scheme?

• A species having vegetative and rational souls while lacking a sensory soul (Correct answer)
• Two species that are alike in having sensory souls but differ in that one lacks a rational soul
• A species having vegetative and sensory souls while lacking a rational soul
• Two species that are alike in having vegetative souls but differ in that only one has a sensory soul
• A species having a vegetative soul while lacking sensory and rational souls

Correct answer: A species having vegetative and rational souls while lacking a sensory soul

The Aristotelian classification scheme describes a nested hierarchy: all living creatures have a vegetative soul, some of these also have a sensory soul, and one species (humans) also has a rational soul. This means possessing a rational soul implies possessing a sensory soul, which in turn implies possessing a vegetative soul. Therefore, a species cannot have a rational soul without also having a sensory soul, making option D impossible.

Question 117: But man is not destined to vanish. He can be killed, but he cannot be destroyed, because his soul is deathless and his spirit is irrepressible. Therefore, though the situation seems dark in the context of the confrontation between the superpowers, the silver lining is provided by amazing phenomenon that the very nations which have spent incalculable resources and energy for the production of deadly weapons are desperately trying to find out how they might never be used. They threaten each other, intimidate each other and go to the brink, but before the total hour arrives they withdraw from the brink. In the author's opinion

• Mankind is heading towards complete destruction.
• Huge stockpiles of destructive weapons have so far saved mankind from a catastrophe.
• Superpowers have at last realized the need for abandoning the production of lethal weapons.
• There is a silver lining over the production of deadly weapons.
• Nations in possession of huge stockpiles of lethal weapons are trying hard to avoid actual conflict. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Nations in possession of huge stockpiles of lethal weapons are trying hard to avoid actual conflict.

The author states that the nations with deadly weapons 'are desperately trying to find out how they might never be used' and that they 'withdraw from the brink' before total conflict. This clearly indicates that, despite possessing these weapons, the nations are actively working to prevent their use and avoid actual warfare. Their actions demonstrate a strong desire to avert conflict.

Question 118: 3^3 + 1^3 = ?

• 31
• 28 (Correct answer)
• 30
• None of these
• 12

Correct answer: 28

This problem requires calculating powers and then adding the results. First, 3^3 means 3 multiplied by itself three times (3 x 3 x 3 = 27). Second, 1^3 means 1 multiplied by itself three times (1 x 1 x 1 = 1). Adding these two results, 27 + 1, gives a total of 28.

Question 119: How much time is there between 7:45 am today and 3:15 pm tomorrow?

• 32 1/2 hours
• 30 1/2 hours
• 31 1/2 hours (Correct answer)
• 7 1/2 hours

Correct answer: 31 1/2 hours

First, calculate the time from 7:45 am today to 7:45 am tomorrow, which is exactly 24 hours. Then, calculate the time from 7:45 am tomorrow to 3:15 pm tomorrow. This is 5 hours from 7:45 am to 12:45 pm, plus 2 hours and 30 minutes from 12:45 pm to 3:15 pm, totaling 7 hours and 30 minutes (or 7.5 hours). Adding these together, 24 hours + 7.5 hours equals 31.5 hours.

Question 120: Sam bought a 12 pack of soda for $5.40. How much did he pay per can of soda?

• $0.45 (Correct answer)
• $0.40
• $2.22
• $0.54

Correct answer: $0.45

To find the cost per can of soda, divide the total cost of the 12-pack by the number of cans. Sam paid $5.40 for 12 cans. Therefore, $5.40 ÷ 12 cans = $0.45 per can.

Question 121: What is the volume of the box shown?

• 6820 cubic inches (Correct answer)
• 834 cubic inches
• 57.5 cubic inches
• 3300 cubic inches

Correct answer: 6820 cubic inches

To calculate the volume of a rectangular box, multiply its length, width, and height. Assuming the dimensions provided in the accompanying image are 22 inches, 20 inches, and 15.5 inches, the calculation is 22 * 20 * 15.5. This multiplication yields a volume of 6820 cubic inches.

Question 122: Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. "The student felt that the final exam was _________ than the mid term."

• hardest
• most hardest
• more hard
• harder (Correct answer)

Correct answer: harder

The sentence uses 'than' to make a comparison between two items: the final exam and the mid-term. For comparative adjectives of one or two syllables, we add '-er' to the base form, making 'harder' the correct choice. 'Hardest' is a superlative (for three or more items), and 'most hardest' or 'more hard' are grammatically incorrect forms.

Question 123: -7 - 4 = ?

• -11 (Correct answer)
• None of these
• -3
• 11
• 3

Correct answer: -11

Subtracting a positive number from a negative number (or adding two negative numbers) results in a larger negative number. Think of it as starting at -7 on a number line and moving 4 units further to the left. This brings you to -11.

Question 124: If 4 people can stain a deck in 2 days, how many people would be required to stain the deck in only 1 day?

• 4
• 8 (Correct answer)
• 2
• 12

Correct answer: 8

This is an inverse proportion problem, meaning as the number of days decreases, the number of people required increases. The total amount of work is constant: 4 people × 2 days = 8 'person-days' of work. To complete this same amount of work in 1 day, you would need 8 'person-days' / 1 day = 8 people.

Question 125: The following passage is from a discussion of various ways that living creatures have been classified over the years. The world can be classified in different ways, depending on one's interests and principles of clas- sification. The classifications (also known as Line taxonomies) in turn determine which comparisons 5 seem natural or unnatural, which literal or analog- ical. For example, it has been common to classify living creatures into three distinct groups—plants, animals, and humans. According to this classifica- tion, human beings are not a special kind of 10 animal, nor animals a special kind of plant. Thus any comparisons between the three groups are strictly analogical. Reasoning from inheritance in garden peas to inheritance in fruit flies, and from these two species to inheritance in human beings, 15 is sheer poetic metaphor. Another mode of classifying living creatures is commonly attributed to Aristotle. Instead of treat- ing plants, animals, and humans as distinct groups, they are nested. All living creatures 20 possess a vegetative soul that enables them to grow and metabolize. Of these, some also have a sensory soul that enables them to sense their envi- ronments and move. One species also has a rational soul that is capable of true understanding. 25 Thus, human beings are a special sort of animal, and animals are a special sort of plant. Given this classification, reasoning from human beings to all other species with respect to the attributes of the vegetative soul is legitimate, reasoning from 30 human beings to other animals with respect to the attributes of the sensory soul is also legitimate, but reasoning from the rational characteristics of the human species to any other species is merely analogical. According to both classifications, the 35 human species is unique. In the first, it has a king- dom all to itself; in the second, it stands at the pinnacle of the taxonomic hierarchy. Homo sapiens is unique. All species are. But this sort of uniqueness is not enough for many 40 (probably most) people, philosophers included. For some reason, it is very important that the species to which we belong be uniquely unique. It is of utmost importance that the human species be insulated from all other species with respect to 45 how we explain certain qualities. Human beings clearly are capable of developing and learning languages. For some reason, it is very important that the waggle dance performed by bees * not count as a genuine language. I have never been 50 able to understand why. I happen to think that the waggle dance differs from human languages to such a degree that little is gained by terming them both "languages," but even if "language" is so defined that the waggle dance slips in, bees still 55 remain bees. It is equally important to some that no other species use tools. No matter how inge- nious other species get in the manipulation of objects in their environment, it is absolutely essential that nothing they do count as "tool use." 60 I, however, fail to see what difference it makes whether any of these devices such as probes and anvils, etc. are really tools. All the species involved remain distinct biological species no matter what decisions are made. Similar observa- 65 tions hold for rationality and anything a computer might do. Which of the following comparisons would be "legitimate" for all living organisms according to the Aristotelian scheme described in paragraph two? I. Comparisons based on the vegetative soul II. Comparisons based on the sensory soul III. Comparisons based on the rational soul

• III only
• I, II, and III
• II only
• II and III only
• I only (Correct answer)

Correct answer: I only

According to the Aristotelian scheme in paragraph two, 'All living creatures possess a vegetative soul' (lines 19-20). The passage then states that 'reasoning from human beings to all other species with respect to the attributes of the vegetative soul is legitimate' (lines 27-29). Comparisons based on sensory souls are legitimate only for 'other animals,' not all living organisms (as plants lack sensory souls), and rational soul comparisons are 'merely analogical' for any other species. Thus, only comparisons based on the vegetative soul are legitimate for all living organisms.

Question 126: Read the entire sentence. Statements on the internet come from people about politics that are biased and are not supported by facts. What is the most suitable and understandable way to change the sentence?

• has
• had (Correct answer)
• has had
• is having

Correct answer: had

The question likely intends to correct a verb tense within the sentence, and 'had' would be used to place the action in the past perfect tense. For example, if the original sentence implied a past action that occurred before another past action, 'had' would be the appropriate auxiliary verb. Without further context or a specific word to replace, this interpretation assumes a correction to a past-tense scenario.

Question 127: Tornado Alert (1) Since there are more tornadoes in the United States than in any other nation in the world, it is crucial for Americans, especially those who live in high-risk areas, to be able to recognize the warning signs. Anyone in the path of a tornado runs the risk of death and great property destruction. Many lives will be saved if people are better able to predict when a tornado would make landfall. (2) It's crucial to first comprehend how and why tornadoes originate. A tornado is caused by particular weather patterns. In general, a tornado arises when the air temperature is unstable, which is frequently brought on by warm, humid conditions close to the ground and cooler conditions higher in the atmosphere. Wind conditions have a big role in tornadoes. For a tornado to form, there must be significant wind shear, or variations in the direction of the wind. Once it starts, a tornado won't stay on the ground for more than 20 minutes, but even in that short amount of time, it may cause a lot of damage. (3) So, how can people get ready for a possible tornado? It all comes down to recognizing the warning signs. People can keep an eye out for any obvious and rapid changes in the sky and clouds. For instance, the onset of a greenish hue in the sky could indicate the approach of a tornado. Similar to the appearance of a "wall" of clouds, an incoming cloud of debris may indicate the formation of a tornado. Sometimes hail will start to fall in place of the debris. In addition, a lot of people have talked about how there is a strange hush and stillness before a tornado. This is a perfect illustration of the cliché "calm before the storm." (4) Knowing the tornado warning signals, especially if you live in a location where they frequently occur, can give you the crucial time you need to find safety from the devastation. Because they are so challenging to forecast, tornadoes continue to confound meteorologists. Even though meteorologists have become very adept at spotting potential tornado risks, you won't have much time to prepare if a tornado is headed your way. It's best to be able to recognize the warning signs on your own and to be as ready as you can be in case/when a tornado strikes close to your home. Which state has averaged the most tornadoes, according to the bar graph?

• Illinois
• Texas (Correct answer)
• Nebraska
• Kansas

Correct answer: Texas

This question refers to a bar graph that is not included in the provided text. However, based on general knowledge of U.S. tornado activity and assuming the bar graph, if present, accurately depicts tornado averages, Texas consistently experiences the highest number of tornadoes annually among U.S. states, making it the correct answer for having the most.

Question 128: 5^3 = ?

• 25
• 75
• 15
• 135

The expression 5^3 means 5 multiplied by itself three times. This calculation is 5 * 5 * 5. First, 5 * 5 equals 25. Then, multiply 25 by 5, which results in 125.

Question 129: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. The argument (between Paarin and me about the dent in his car continued until the early morning.)

• between Paarin and I on the dent in his car continued
• on the dent in his car between Paarin and me continued
• between Paarin and I about the dent in his car continued
• about the dent in his car continued for Paarin and I
• between Paarin and me about the dent in his car continued (Correct answer)

Correct answer: between Paarin and me about the dent in his car continued

The preposition 'between' should always be followed by object pronouns. 'Me' is the correct object pronoun to use after a preposition, not 'I.' Therefore, 'between Paarin and me' is grammatically correct. Options B, C, and E incorrectly use the subject pronoun 'I' in an object position.

Question 130: Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. "I want ______ to win the trophy."

• she
• herself
• her (Correct answer)
• hers

Correct answer: her

The verb 'want' is followed by an object pronoun when referring to the person who is the object of the wanting. In this sentence, 'her' is the object of the verb 'want,' as in 'I want her to win the trophy.' 'She' is a subject pronoun, and 'hers' is a possessive pronoun, neither of which is appropriate here.

Question 131: Cities across the world are essentially blends of smaller cultural environments that lead people to have vastly different experiences. Each city typically contains a broad spectrum of dining establishments along with various art institutions like museums and theatres. Yet with all these blends of dining, art and night lives, what is the one characteristic that can distinguish a city? History. The undeniably unique history of each city provides rich traditions and a bond between the local people that overshadows any other city’s mélange of dining and art institutions. In context, which word most closely defines mélange?

• brochure
• tradition
• frivolous
• assortment (Correct answer)
• opportunity

Correct answer: assortment

The passage uses the word "blends" earlier to describe the various cultural environments within cities, and then refers to a "mélange of dining and art institutions." "Mélange" means a mixture or a varied assortment, which directly aligns with the idea of a blend of different elements. Therefore, "assortment" is the closest definition in this context.

Question 132: Tornado Alert (1) Since there are more tornadoes in the United States than in any other nation in the world, it is crucial for Americans, especially those who live in high-risk areas, to be able to recognize the warning signs. Anyone in the path of a tornado runs the risk of death and great property destruction. Many lives will be saved if people are better able to predict when a tornado would make landfall. (2) It's crucial to first comprehend how and why tornadoes originate. A tornado is caused by particular weather patterns. In general, a tornado arises when the air temperature is unstable, which is frequently brought on by warm, humid conditions close to the ground and cooler conditions higher in the atmosphere. Wind conditions have a big role in tornadoes. For a tornado to form, there must be significant wind shear, or variations in the direction of the wind. Once it starts, a tornado won't stay on the ground for more than 20 minutes, but even in that short amount of time, it may cause a lot of damage. (3) So, how can people get ready for a possible tornado? It all comes down to recognizing the warning signs. People can keep an eye out for any obvious and rapid changes in the sky and clouds. For instance, the onset of a greenish hue in the sky could indicate the approach of a tornado. Similar to the appearance of a "wall" of clouds, an incoming cloud of debris may indicate the formation of a tornado. Sometimes hail will start to fall in place of the debris. In addition, a lot of people have talked about how there is a strange hush and stillness before a tornado. This is a perfect illustration of the cliché "calm before the storm." (4) Knowing the tornado warning signals, especially if you live in a location where they frequently occur, can give you the crucial time you need to find safety from the devastation. Because they are so challenging to forecast, tornadoes continue to confound meteorologists. Even though meteorologists have become very adept at spotting potential tornado risks, you won't have much time to prepare if a tornado is headed your way. It's best to be able to recognize the warning signs on your own and to be as ready as you can be in case/when a tornado strikes close to your home. Read the following passage from the article. For instance, the onset of a greenish hue in the sky could indicate the approach of a tornado. Which of the following phrases would you use instead of approaching in this context?

• on its way (Correct answer)
• unavoidable
• causing destruction
• going past

Correct answer: on its way

In the sentence, "the onset of a greenish hue in the sky could indicate the approach of a tornado," the word "approach" means that the tornado is coming closer or is imminent. The phrase "on its way" accurately captures this meaning of something moving towards a destination or about to arrive.

Question 133: Which word has a vowel sound that is long?

• Flaw
• Slack
• Grade (Correct answer)
• Bread

Correct answer: Grade

A long vowel sound is typically pronounced like the name of the letter itself. In the word "Grade," the 'a' vowel makes the long 'a' sound, similar to "ay." In contrast, "Slack" has a short 'a' sound, "Flaw" has an 'aw' sound, and "Bread" has a short 'e' sound.

Question 134: If a neighborhood begins to 'deteriorate,' it is:

• Becoming worse over time (Correct answer)
• Improving rapidly
• Growing in population
• Being renovated

Correct answer: Becoming worse over time

Deteriorate means to become progressively worse in quality, condition, or value.

Question 135: 17−(−12)=

• 19
• 29 (Correct answer)
• 9
• 5

Correct answer: 29

Subtracting a negative number is equivalent to adding its positive counterpart. Therefore, 17 - (-12) becomes 17 + 12. Adding these two numbers together gives a sum of 29.

Question 136: 7y + y = ?

• 8y (Correct answer)
• 7 + y^2
• 7 + 2y
• 7y^2
• None of these

Correct answer: 8y

The expression 7y + y involves combining like terms. The term 'y' can be understood as '1y'. Therefore, adding 7y and 1y means adding their coefficients while keeping the variable part the same, resulting in (7+1)y = 8y.

Question 137: Who Deserves Immortality? (1) By creating monuments to their brilliance, America has traditionally honored its heroes. It would be difficult to find a town in America without at least a tiny statue honoring a significant individual. However, in recent years, some of the monuments we have built have come under scrutiny. Should we demolish monuments honoring people with a contentious past? (2) Monuments honoring generals and combatants from the Confederate Army during the Civil War are currently the most contentious monuments in America. How much should America respect those who left the union in an effort to maintain their ownership of slaves? Slavery is America's greatest sin, and the South is not only to responsible for this abomination; the Confederate Army was so opposed to the idea of abolition that they were prepared to wage war. These monuments' detractors contend that we shouldn't memorialize this kind of person and that recognizing them would be a continual insult to the people of color who now enjoy freedom in our nation. (3) Supporters of these monuments contend that removing them would be an effort to erase the history of our nation. They contend that it's crucial for us to commemorate the Civil War heroes from both sides. However, organizations in favor of these monuments frequently make the completely untrue claim that slavery played a minimal role in the Civil War. (4) The controversy over Civil War statues also brings to light the 600 or so monuments and tributes to one of America's most significant and contentious historical personalities. Christopher Columbus is credited with discovering America and creating this nation, according to people who adore his sculptures. Christopher Columbus conquered America and committed genocide (whether on purpose or accidentally, according to those who oppose his memorials) in order to seize control over a new continent. Is it OK to honor a man who killed tens of thousands of innocent people? (5) At the moment, America is having identity issues. The nation is attempting to determine the best way to honor our past while ignoring its flaws. The defense of these monuments asserts that to remove them would be to attempt to forget history. However, as monuments are designed to celebrate role models, America should remove any honoring of individuals who have committed acts of hatred and violence, such as Christopher Columbus and Confederate troops. We should make sure that our history books cover these individuals because they played significant roles in American history. But only the real American heroes deserve a place on our monuments. Part B Which of the following assertions from the article best supports the answer to Part A?

• “The controversy over the Civil War statues also brings to light the 600 or so monuments and memorials that honor one of America's most significant and divisive historical personalities.”
• "However, as monuments are designed to celebrate role models, America should remove any honoring of individuals who have committed acts of hatred and violence, such as Christopher Columbus and Confederate troop.” (Correct answer)
• "Monuments honoring generals and combatants from the Confederate Army during the Civil War are currently the most controversial monuments in America."
• "America is currently struggling with its identity."

Correct answer: "However, as monuments are designed to celebrate role models, America should remove any honoring of individuals who have committed acts of hatred and violence, such as Christopher Columbus and Confederate troop.”

The main idea (from Part A) is that monuments to evil people should be removed because monuments are for role models, and this action does not erase history. The sentence, "However, as monuments are designed to celebrate role models, America should remove any honoring of individuals who have committed acts of hatred and violence, such as Christopher Columbus and Confederate troop," directly supports this by stating the author's core argument and rationale for removal.

Question 138: In this passage a Mexican American historian describes a technique she used as part of her research. Doña Teodora offered me yet another cup of strong, black coffee. The aroma of the big, paper-thin Sonoran tortillas filled the small, linoleum-covered kitchen, and I Line knew that with the coffee I would receive a buttered tortilla 5 straight from the round, homemade comal (a flat, earthen- ware cooking pan) balanced on the gas-burning stove. For three days, from ten in the morning until early evening, I had been sitting in the same comfortable wooden chair, taking cup after cup of black coffee and consuming hot 10 tortillas. Doña Teodora was ninety years old, and although she would take occasional breaks from patting, extending, and turning over tortillas to let her cat in or out, it appeared that I was the only one exhausted at the end of the day. But once out, as I went over the notes, filed and organized the 15 tape cassettes, exhilaration would set in. The intellectual and emotional excitement I had previously experienced when a pertinent document would suddenly appear now waned in comparison to the gestures and words, the joy and anger doña Teodora offered. 20 She had not written down her thoughts; but the ideas, recollections, and images evoked by her lively oral expres- sion were jewels for anyone who wanted to know about the life of Mexicanas * in booming mining towns on both sides of the Mexico-United States border in the early twentieth 25 century. She never kept a diary. The thought of writing a memoir would have been put aside as presumptuous. But all her life doña Teodora had lived amidst the telling and retelling of family stories. Genealogies of her own family as well as complete and up-to-date information of the 30 marriages, births, and deaths of numerous families that made up her community were all well-kept memories. These chains of generations were fleshed out with recollec- tions of the many events and tribulations of these families. Oral history had proven to be a fertile field for my research 35 on the history of Mexicanas. My search had begun in libraries and archives—reposi- tories of conventional history. The available sources were to be found in census reports, church records, directories, and other such statistical information. These, however, as 40 important as they are, cannot provide one of the essential dimensions of history, the full narrative of the human experience that defies quantification and classification. In certain social groups this gap can be filled with diaries, memoirs, letters, or even reports from others. In the case of 45 Mexicanas in the United States, one of the many devastating consequences of defeat and conquest has been that the traditional institutions that preserve and transfer culture (the documentation of the past) have ignored these personal written sources. The letters, writings, and documents of 50 Mexican people have rarely, if ever, been included in archives, special collections, or libraries. At best, some centers have attempted to collect newspapers published by Mexicans, but the effort was started late. The historian who tries to reconstruct the past from newspapers is constantly 55 frustrated because, although titles abound, collections are scarce and often incomplete. Although many hours of previous study and preparation had taken me to doña Teodora's kitchen, I was initially unsure of my place. Was I really an insider or were the 60 experiences that had made the lives of my interviewees such that, although I could speak Spanish and am Mexicana, I was still an outsider? I realized, nonetheless, that the richness and depth of the spoken word challenges the comforting theories and models 65 of the social sciences. Mexican history challenges social- science models derived solely from victorious imperialistic experiences. Our history cannot be written without new sources. These sources will determine which concepts are needed to 70 illuminate and interpret the past, and these concepts will emerge from the people themselves. This will permit the description of events and structures to assume a culturally relevant perspective, thus emphasizing the point of view of the Mexican people. The use of theoretical constructs must 75 follow the voices of the people who live the reality, con- sciously or not. For too long the experiences of women have been studied according to male-oriented sources and constructs. These must be questioned. For the history of Mexican people, the sources primarily exist in our own 80 worlds. And it is here where we must begin. I often found that as the memory awakened, other sources would emerge. Boxes of letters, photographs, and even manuscripts and diaries would appear. Long-standing assumptions of illiteracy were shattered and had to be reexamined. I saw 85 that constant reevaluation became the rule rather than the exception. I entered women's worlds created on the margin —not only of Anglo life, but of, and outside of, the lives of their own fathers, husbands, sons, brothers, or priests, bosses, and bureaucrats. The "gap" referred to in line 43 can best be described as the distance between the

• story of one person and the history of a nation as a whole
• abundance of concrete facts and the shortage of scholarly interpretation of them
• information contained in libraries and the information that has been lost
• politically motivated view of reality and the personally motivated view of reality
• pictures presented by traditional historical sources and by subjective personal accounts (Correct answer)

Correct answer: pictures presented by traditional historical sources and by subjective personal accounts

The "gap" in line 43 refers to the inadequacy of conventional historical sources (like census reports) to provide "the full narrative of the human experience." The passage suggests this gap can be filled by "diaries, memoirs, letters, or even reports from others," which are subjective personal accounts. Therefore, the gap is the difference between the objective, quantifiable data of traditional sources and the rich, personal narratives that reveal individual experiences.

Question 139: Simplify: 5² + √49 − 3 × 4

• 14 (Correct answer)
• 32
• 20
• 10

Correct answer: 14

Follow order of operations (PEMDAS): 5² = 25, √49 = 7, 3 × 4 = 12. Then 25 + 7 − 12 = 20.

Question 140: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. Sports are a significant part of life for people all across the world, as was demonstrated in 2006 when billions of people came together to be involved with the (World Cup either through playing, watching or thru advertising.)

• world cup either through playing, watching or thru advertising.
• World Cup either through playing, watching or through advertising.
• World Cup either through playing, watching or advertising for it.
• World Cup either through playing, watching or advertising. (Correct answer)
• World Cup either through playing, watching or thru advertising.

Correct answer: World Cup either through playing, watching or advertising.

This option corrects two issues: 'World Cup' should be capitalized as it is a proper noun. Additionally, it maintains parallel structure by listing three activities ('playing,' 'watching,' 'advertising') without the informal 'thru' or the less concise 'for it.' This makes the sentence grammatically consistent and more formal.

Question 141: A student who is 'diligent' in her studies is best described as:

• Hardworking and persistent (Correct answer)
• Easily distracted
• Talented but lazy
• Reluctant to attend class

Correct answer: Hardworking and persistent

Diligent means showing careful and steady effort, which describes someone who works hard and persistently.

Question 142: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. Most of my favorite movies contain (slapstick humor, however physical comedy is not) the only way to make me laugh.

• slapstick humor, but it is not physical comedy that is
• slapstick humor, however physical comedy is not
• slapstick humor, but physical comedy is not (Correct answer)
• slapstick humor, and physical comedy is not
• slapstick humor; physical comedy is not

Correct answer: slapstick humor, but physical comedy is not

The original sentence contains a comma splice because 'however' is a conjunctive adverb that cannot join two independent clauses with only a comma. To correct this, a semicolon should precede 'however,' or a coordinating conjunction like 'but' should be used. Option B correctly uses 'but' with a comma, creating a grammatically sound and smoothly flowing sentence.

Question 143: Violent Ways (1) When it comes to their passion of sports, the modern world is experiencing a bit of an identity crisis. We are concerned about sports violence at one end of the spectrum. The possibility of head trauma in football worries us. We are concerned that by concentrating so intensely on one sport so young, our kids' bodies are suffering. We contend that in order to protect our athletes, we must modify our current systems. However, violent sports like mixed martial arts are now more popular than ever. How do we account for our seemingly contradictory attitudes about athletes? Why do people get upset when a quarterback is hit too hard yet applaud when a fighter passes out on the mat like a dead tree? (2) The response to these queries is both straightforward and intricate. The short explanation is that a sport like mixed martial arts, which involves two individuals fighting in a ring, is meant to be violent. The movement of the ball from one area to the next is the focus of football, on the other hand. It would be incredibly naive to claim that football is not about violence, though. The issue becomes more challenging at that point. What remains when we take football's brutality out? (3) It plays to our human nature, which is the more nuanced and melancholy explanation for why we can't seem to decide whether or not we want violence. Players are the new gladiators, and the football field is the new Colosseum. The instinct for survival is one of the strongest in humans. The fact that we are naturally drawn to those in danger and their struggle for existence makes us amused when they are in danger. We don't want to see people suffer, but that doesn't make us wicked. But we want to see people getting hit. (4) The issue is that violence in sports has no clear-cut answer. At the same time, we desire it and don't want it. It appears that our culture has opted to permit it in some contexts where we believe it belongs, such as mixed martial arts, while decrying it in others, such as football. Football supporters are concerned about what will happen to the sport in the next years as more stories of brain injuries emerge. But it's most probable that nothing will alter. We will debate the need for action over supper, go to the Colosseum to support each major victory, and then return home. Read the following passage from Paragraph 4: We will debate the need for action over supper, go to the Colosseum to support each major victory, and then return home. The word "dinner table" is used by the author in this line for what reason?

• To make the point that people are terrified of what their family would say if they express their true sentiments at the "dinner table."
• To stress the point that individuals behave differently when watching a sporting event but are anti-violent when discussing the issue at home at the "dinner table." (Correct answer)
• To emphasize the fact that sports violence has become so pervasive that it is now interfering with our time spent with our families at home.
• To emphasize the point that people only object to violence in sports when they're trying to consume a meal and don't want that kind of mental images.

Correct answer: To stress the point that individuals behave differently when watching a sporting event but are anti-violent when discussing the issue at home at the "dinner table."

The author uses 'debate the need for action over supper' in direct contrast to 'go to the Colosseum to support each major victory.' This contrast highlights the difference between people's rational, often anti-violent discussions in a domestic setting and their emotional, often pro-violent reactions when immersed in the spectacle of a sporting event. It emphasizes the hypocrisy or duality of human behavior regarding sports violence.

Question 144: Which word is closest in meaning to 'benevolent'?

• Careless
• Greedy
• Charitable (Correct answer)
• Hostile

Correct answer: Charitable

Benevolent means well-meaning and kindly, similar to charitable or generous.

Question 145: If the price of a gallon of gas increases from $3.20 to $3.68, what percent did it increase?

• 15% (Correct answer)
• 10%
• 115%
• 12%

Correct answer: 15%

First, calculate the amount of the price increase: $3.68 - $3.20 = $0.48. To find the percent increase, divide the increase amount by the original price and then multiply by 100. So, ($0.48 / $3.20) × 100% = 0.15 × 100% = 15%.

Question 146: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. Natural disasters (have been increasingly effecting) nearly every part of the world in the past decade with catastrophic tornadoes, hurricanes and tsunamis.

• will be increasingly effecting
• have been increasingly affecting (Correct answer)
• have been increasingly effecting
• has been increasingly effecting
• will be increasingly affecting

Correct answer: have been increasingly affecting

The original sentence contains two errors. First, "effecting" is incorrectly used; the verb meaning to influence or impact is "affecting." Second, "Natural disasters" is a plural subject, requiring the plural auxiliary verb "have" for subject-verb agreement, not "has." Therefore, "have been increasingly affecting" is the correct and grammatically sound revision.

Question 147: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. “Firefighters and police officers risk their lives often by stepping into the way of danger physically; (therefore,) professionals such as doctors and lawyers have an equally significant impact on individuals’ lives medically and legally.”

• therefore
• as a result
• but
• nevertheless (Correct answer)
• and

Correct answer: nevertheless

The original sentence implies a contrast: firefighters/police risk their lives, *yet* doctors/lawyers also have a significant impact. 'Nevertheless' correctly signals this contrast or concession, indicating that despite the different nature of their contributions, the impact of doctors and lawyers is equally important. 'Therefore' and 'as a result' imply cause and effect, which is not the intended relationship.

Question 148: Divide: 2,184 ÷ 24 = ?

• 93
• 81
• 89
• 91 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 91

2,184 ÷ 24 = 91. Check: 24 × 91 = 24 × 90 + 24 × 1 = 2,160 + 24 = 2,184. ✓

Question 149: 25% off a shirt with a $500 price tag. The shirt is further discounted by 15% after a month. Which of the subsequent expressions can be used to calculate the shirt's selling price?

• (500)(0.75)(0.85) (Correct answer)
• (500)(0.25)-(200)(0.15)
• (500)-500(0.40)
• (500)(0.60)

Correct answer: (500)(0.75)(0.85)

The initial price is $500. A 25% discount means the shirt is sold at 100% - 25% = 75% of its original price, represented as (500)(0.75). A further 15% discount after a month applies to this new discounted price, meaning it's sold at 100% - 15% = 85% of that price. Therefore, the final selling price is calculated by (500)(0.75)(0.85).

Question 150: Passage 1 Because it is filled with contradictions, performance is also filled with risk. This is the domain of stage fright. The actor is aware that appearing in front of an audience is a Line scary proposition. Maintaining the reality of the character is, 5 in itself, a fragile affair; it demands of the actor a series of complex transformations. The actor has the unique problem of hiding and showing at the same time. The actor’s conscious fear is not about making a mistake, but about allowing the audience to see something that it is not supposed to see: 10 namely, the performer’s fear, or stage fright. Passage 2 The term “stage fright” has largely dropped out of use, because we know now that dwelling on something this malevolent gives it power. If I tell you not to be afraid, you may dwell on your fear. If I say, do not think of 15 fast-food burgers under any circumstances, a line of them will parade through your mind. The key to most fears is substitution. On the simplest level, you replace the ogre with something less menacing to fill your consciousness. If you will imagine yourself to be a 20 host rather than an actor, and think more about the comfort of your listeners than their verdicts, everything will fall into place. What is the best way to describe the purposes of the two passages?

• Both passages present well-known examples to challenge a misconception.
• Both passages explain a pattern by questioning previous theories.
• Passage 1 traces the consequences of an incident; Passage 2 narrates a process.
• Passage 1 interprets a series of examples; Passage 2 gives a typical case.
• Passage 1 analyzes a phenomenon; Passage 2 suggests a solution to a problem. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Passage 1 analyzes a phenomenon; Passage 2 suggests a solution to a problem.

Passage 1 analyzes the phenomenon of stage fright by describing its nature, the contradictions of performance, and the actor's specific fears. Passage 2, on the other hand, offers practical advice and strategies, such as "substitution" and imagining oneself as a "host," to overcome stage fright, thereby suggesting a solution to the problem.

Question 151: Technology is rapidly expanding the scope of capabilities for both professional and personal use; such is the case with smart phones. Professionals now have devices available to them capable of digital media, internet access, phone communication, multi-person scheduling and office tools for documents and presentations. Businesspeople that are often mobile may maximize the use of these critical features on smart phones. Individuals who simply enjoy the luxury of multi-function devices often use these devices for frivolous pursuits such as downloading catchy ring tones, instant messaging about the latest gossip and looking up the world record for most cans crushed on one’s head during the Superbowl. This fusion of capabilities and increased availability of such devices could be a sign of a growing blend in society between work and personal life, or individuals could simply be taking a luxurious approach to their connectivity in personal lives. The term “frivolous” implies that the author

• believes that the average individual does not need a smart phone. (Correct answer)
• is fascinated by the endless capabilities on smart phones.
• has a smart phone.
• hopes that technology ceases to expand its scope.
• wants to see more developments added to smart phone technology.

Correct answer: believes that the average individual does not need a smart phone.

The author uses the term "frivolous pursuits" to describe how individuals use smartphones for activities like "downloading catchy ring tones, instant messaging about the latest gossip and looking up the world record for most cans crushed on one’s head." By labeling these activities as trivial and unimportant, the author implies that these uses are unnecessary, suggesting that the average individual does not genuinely *need* a smartphone for such non-essential purposes.

Question 152: Solve for y. -2y = 8

• -4 (Correct answer)
• None of these
• -16
• 4
• 6

Correct answer: -4

To solve for y in the equation -2y = 8, you need to isolate y. Divide both sides of the equation by -2. This gives y = 8 / -2, which simplifies to y = -4.

Question 153: A plane left San Francisco at 6:15 pm PST and arrived in Philadelphia at 2:45 am EST. How long was the flight?

• 5 1/2 hours (Correct answer)
• 6 1/2 hour
• 8 1/2 hours
• 9 1/2 hours

Correct answer: 5 1/2 hours

First, convert the departure time from PST to EST. San Francisco (PST) is 3 hours behind Philadelphia (EST), so 6:15 pm PST is 9:15 pm EST. Next, calculate the duration from 9:15 pm EST to 2:45 am EST. This period spans 5 hours and 30 minutes, meaning the flight was 5 1/2 hours long.

Question 154: 43 x 4 = ?

• None of these
• 162
• 47
• 172 (Correct answer)
• 132

Correct answer: 172

To solve 43 x 4, you perform standard multiplication. First, multiply 4 by 3, which equals 12; write down 2 and carry over 1. Next, multiply 4 by 4, which equals 16, and add the carried-over 1 to get 17. Combining these results yields 172.

Question 155: Which of the following best sums up the right triangle's sides?

• 2 units, 5 units, 6 units
• 8 units, 15 units 17 units (Correct answer)
• 5 units, 8 units, 13 units
• 7 units, 8 units, 15 units

Correct answer: 8 units, 15 units 17 units

For a set of side lengths to form a right triangle, they must satisfy the Pythagorean theorem: a² + b² = c², where 'c' is the longest side (hypotenuse). Testing the given options, only 8² + 15² = 64 + 225 = 289, and 17² = 289. Since 289 = 289, the sides 8 units, 15 units, and 17 units form a right triangle.

Question 156: What Are We Saving Through Daylight Saving Time? (1) Daylight Saving Time is observed by western nations including the United States of America and the European Union every year. Although many nations observe Daylight Saving Time in different ways, they all usually adhere to the same principle. Everyone changes their clocks throughout the summer so that there is an hour more of sunlight in the evening than there would have been in the morning. Even more bizarre than this practice is the fact that most individuals don't know why Daylight Saving Time exists. People advance their clocks by one hour each March, then sometimes for no reason at all, turn them back one hour in November. (2) The majority of people only know that Benjamin Franklin first advocated Daylight Saving Time as a concept. Franklin did suggest the notion in 1784, but the United States didn't implement Daylight Saving Time until 1918—more than a century after his passing—after other European nations had already accepted the practice. Franklin's notion was well received in Europe, but no one gave it much thought until an English builder named William Willet put it up in a pamphlet in 1907. Another fact regarding Daylight Saving Time that many appear to "know" is that it was instituted to benefit farmers. Nobody appears to be aware of how that precisely works. The real explanation behind Daylight Saving Time is considerably more straightforward and innocent than that. (3) People would have more time in the evening to be outside in the sunlight because Daylight Saving Time was implemented. Why squander that lovely sunlight in the morning hours while everyone is asleep? Experts have argued for the benefits of daylight saving time ever since it was implemented in America 100 years ago. Numerous experts claim that it lowers the nation's energy bills. This is accurate, although the energy we conserve at this time is only a tiny fraction (perhaps 1%). Others contend that having more daylight in the evening keeps us safer and lowers our risk of suffering injuries in accidents. However, studies have revealed that our internal clocks do not change smoothly, which causes an increase in heart attacks, strokes, and traffic accidents every March. Why then do we continue to do it each year? (4) Once more, the response to this query is a straightforward and charming one: We enjoy it. The initial purpose of daylight saving time, which is still observed today, was to offer people an extra hour of daylight in the evening. Daylight Saving Time won't end as long as people love having that extra hour in the evening. Which of the following best describes how paragraph one fits into the article's overall structure?

• In paragraph 1, she compares and contrasts two conflicting viewpoints that she will continue to discuss in the next paragraphs.
• The author presents a problem in paragraph 1 that she intends to address in the article.
• In order to set up the argument in the following paragraphs, paragraph 1 provides a personal tale to illustrate how a problem affects common people.
• The strange habit mentioned in paragraph 1 is one that the rest of the essay will go into greater depth about. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The strange habit mentioned in paragraph 1 is one that the rest of the essay will go into greater depth about.

Paragraph 1 introduces Daylight Saving Time as a "bizarre" and unexplained practice, noting that "most individuals don't know why" it exists. This sets the stage for the entire article, which then proceeds to explore the historical background, common misconceptions, and the actual reasons behind this "strange habit." Therefore, the paragraph serves to present the central topic that the rest of the essay will investigate in detail.

Question 157: Select the correct word(s) for the blank in the following sentence. "He had to choose _________ 6 ties for the interview."

• before
• from
• between
• among (Correct answer)

Correct answer: among

'Among' is the correct preposition to use when referring to three or more items or people. The sentence states he had to choose from '6 ties,' which is clearly more than two. 'Between' is used specifically for two items, while 'from' and 'before' do not convey the meaning of choosing from a group.

Question 158: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. For every song that is a hit, it is critical to have a quality “beat” and quality lyrics; (however), music companies hire professional producers and song writers.

• and
• however
• yet
• nevertheless
• therefore (Correct answer)

Correct answer: therefore

The first part of the sentence establishes that quality beats and lyrics are critical for a hit song. The second part describes music companies hiring professionals, which is a direct consequence or logical result of this criticality. "Therefore" correctly signals this cause-and-effect relationship, unlike "however" or "nevertheless" which imply contrast, or "and" and "yet" which imply simple addition or mild contrast.

Question 159: Tina bought a scarf for $16.65. She gave the clerk $20. How much change should she get back?

• $4.35
• $3.35 (Correct answer)
• $3.25
• $3.45

Correct answer: $3.35

To find the change Tina should receive, subtract the cost of the scarf from the amount of money she gave the clerk. She paid $20.00 and the scarf cost $16.65. So, $20.00 - $16.65 = $3.35 in change.

Question 160: To 'advocate' for a cause means to:

• Secretly oppose it
• Study it carefully
• Ignore it completely
• Publicly support and promote it (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Publicly support and promote it

Advocate means to publicly recommend or support a particular cause or policy.

Question 161: AlarmCo provides alarm systems to homes and businesses. They bill for their services on a monthly bill. Their first bill is shown below. How much will a customer pay for six months of service from AlarmCo?

• $179.94 (Correct answer)
• $180.00
• $180.04
• $119.94

Correct answer: $179.94

The cost for one month of service from AlarmCo is $29.99, as indicated on the bill. To find the cost for six months, you multiply the monthly service charge by 6. Therefore, $29.99 multiplied by 6 equals $179.94.

Question 162: What word has the vowel "u" pronounced long?

• Mule (Correct answer)
• Mundane
• Mutt
• Move

Correct answer: Mule

In the word "mule," the vowel 'u' is pronounced with a long 'u' sound, similar to "yoo." This is characteristic of a long vowel sound, often occurring when a silent 'e' follows a consonant after the vowel. In contrast, words like "mundane" and "mutt" have a short 'u' sound, while "move" has an 'oo' sound, which is a different vowel sound altogether.

Question 163: If a plan is described as 'feasible,' it means the plan is:

• Already completed
• Too expensive to consider
• Only theoretical
• Possible and practical to carry out (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Possible and practical to carry out

Feasible means capable of being done or carried out; practical and realistic.

Question 164: Passage 1 Because it is filled with contradictions, performance is also filled with risk. This is the domain of stage fright. The actor is aware that appearing in front of an audience is a Line scary proposition. Maintaining the reality of the character is, 5 in itself, a fragile affair; it demands of the actor a series of complex transformations. The actor has the unique problem of hiding and showing at the same time. The actor’s conscious fear is not about making a mistake, but about allowing the audience to see something that it is not supposed to see: 10 namely, the performer’s fear, or stage fright. Passage 2 The term “stage fright” has largely dropped out of use, because we know now that dwelling on something this malevolent gives it power. If I tell you not to be afraid, you may dwell on your fear. If I say, do not think of 15 fast-food burgers under any circumstances, a line of them will parade through your mind. The key to most fears is substitution. On the simplest level, you replace the ogre with something less menacing to fill your consciousness. If you will imagine yourself to be a 20 host rather than an actor, and think more about the comfort of your listeners than their verdicts, everything will fall into place. In the context of Passage 1, the phrase "Maintaining the reality of the character" (line 4) most directly refers to

• believing oneself to be the character
• playing the character in a way that resembles real life
• keeping the character from becoming purely imaginative
• presenting to the audience only behavior relevant to the character (Correct answer)
• showing the audience how the character sees a situation

Correct answer: presenting to the audience only behavior relevant to the character

The passage explains that an actor's fear is "not about making a mistake, but about allowing the audience to see something that it is not supposed to see: namely, the performer’s fear, or stage fright." This implies that "maintaining the reality of the character" means preventing the audience from seeing the actor's personal anxieties and instead only perceiving the character's authentic behavior.

Question 165: If a disease is 'prevalent' in a community, it is:

• Newly discovered
• Widespread and common (Correct answer)
• Easily treatable
• Extremely dangerous

Correct answer: Widespread and common

Prevalent means widespread and common in a particular area or among a particular group.

Question 166: A stack of bricks is 3 1/2 feet high. If each brick is 1 3/4 inches high, how many bricks are in the stack?

• 2
• 12
• 28
• 24 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 24

First, ensure all measurements are in the same unit. Convert the stack height from feet to inches: 3 1/2 feet = 3.5 feet × 12 inches/foot = 42 inches. Each brick is 1 3/4 inches (or 1.75 inches) high. To find the number of bricks, divide the total stack height by the height of one brick: 42 inches ÷ 1.75 inches = 24 bricks.

Question 167: If 5 apples cost $2.00, how much will 15 apples cost?

• $8
• $30
• $10
• $6 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: $6

You can solve this using a proportion or by finding the unit price. If 5 apples cost $2.00, then each apple costs $2.00 / 5 = $0.40. To find the cost of 15 apples, multiply the unit price by 15: $0.40 × 15 = $6.00.

Question 168: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. (For homes in typically colder geographic regions,) it is particularly important to have effective and efficient heating systems.

• For people in homes in typically colder geographic regions
• Homes in typically colder geographic regions
• For homes in typically colder geographic regions
• For homes in typically cold geographic regions (Correct answer)
• People in typically colder geographic regions

Correct answer: For homes in typically cold geographic regions

The original phrase uses "colder," which is a comparative adjective. However, no comparison is being made in the sentence; it simply describes the characteristic of the geographic regions. Therefore, the superlative "cold" is the correct and more concise adjective to use, making "For homes in typically cold geographic regions" the best revision.

Question 169: Greek mythology is a vehicle that uses mythological characters and creatures to teach people about the dangers, beauties and possible outcomes of life. In many myths, characters face moral dilemmas involving honor and practicality. The protagonists of epics face creatures that represent values and challenges such as respect, temptation and redemption. How has Greek mythology inevitably evolved with time and new story tellers? Scholars that have interpreted Greek mythology seek to maintain the universal values conveyed in these stories, while ensuring the validity of adapting these stories to their own distinct cultures. It is up to each reader to seek their own truths and learn from epic Greek mythology as best they can. According to the author’s description, which of the following is most likely to be a message from Greek mythology?

• It is important to keep track of your personal history.
• It is not the fastest, but the longest lasting that wins the race.
• Resisting temptation and immediate gratification will lead to ultimate success. (Correct answer)
• Passing down Greek mythology has taken on a new form since oral records faded.
• Love is difficult, but it will last if the lovers are meant to be together.

Correct answer: Resisting temptation and immediate gratification will lead to ultimate success.

The passage states that Greek mythology teaches about life's outcomes and that "protagonists of epics face creatures that represent values and challenges such as respect, temptation and redemption." The inclusion of "temptation" as a challenge strongly implies that overcoming it is a key lesson. Therefore, resisting temptation to achieve a positive outcome like "redemption" or "ultimate success" is a likely message conveyed by these myths.

Question 170: Determine whether the sentence in the open and close parenthesis is correct or whether it needs to be revised. Inside the glove compartment were legal documents, pictures, (and there were a few napkins from the coffee shop, but no gloves.)

• and napkins from the coffee shop, there were no gloves.
• and there were a few napkins from the coffee shop, but no gloves.
• and there were a few napkins from the coffee shop, but not any gloves.
• and napkins from the coffee shop, but no gloves. (Correct answer)
• and napkins from the coffee shop, no gloves were there.

Correct answer: and napkins from the coffee shop, but no gloves.

The original sentence suffers from a lack of parallelism in its list of items found in the glove compartment. The list begins with simple nouns ("legal documents, pictures"), so the final item should also be a simple noun phrase to maintain grammatical consistency. "And napkins from the coffee shop, but no gloves" correctly maintains this parallel structure, making it the most concise and grammatically sound option.

Question 171: In this passage a Mexican American historian describes a technique she used as part of her research. Doña Teodora offered me yet another cup of strong, black coffee. The aroma of the big, paper-thin Sonoran tortillas filled the small, linoleum-covered kitchen, and I Line knew that with the coffee I would receive a buttered tortilla 5 straight from the round, homemade comal (a flat, earthen- ware cooking pan) balanced on the gas-burning stove. For three days, from ten in the morning until early evening, I had been sitting in the same comfortable wooden chair, taking cup after cup of black coffee and consuming hot 10 tortillas. Doña Teodora was ninety years old, and although she would take occasional breaks from patting, extending, and turning over tortillas to let her cat in or out, it appeared that I was the only one exhausted at the end of the day. But once out, as I went over the notes, filed and organized the 15 tape cassettes, exhilaration would set in. The intellectual and emotional excitement I had previously experienced when a pertinent document would suddenly appear now waned in comparison to the gestures and words, the joy and anger doña Teodora offered. 20 She had not written down her thoughts; but the ideas, recollections, and images evoked by her lively oral expres- sion were jewels for anyone who wanted to know about the life of Mexicanas * in booming mining towns on both sides of the Mexico-United States border in the early twentieth 25 century. She never kept a diary. The thought of writing a memoir would have been put aside as presumptuous. But all her life doña Teodora had lived amidst the telling and retelling of family stories. Genealogies of her own family as well as complete and up-to-date information of the 30 marriages, births, and deaths of numerous families that made up her community were all well-kept memories. These chains of generations were fleshed out with recollec- tions of the many events and tribulations of these families. Oral history had proven to be a fertile field for my research 35 on the history of Mexicanas. My search had begun in libraries and archives—reposi- tories of conventional history. The available sources were to be found in census reports, church records, directories, and other such statistical information. These, however, as 40 important as they are, cannot provide one of the essential dimensions of history, the full narrative of the human experience that defies quantification and classification. In certain social groups this gap can be filled with diaries, memoirs, letters, or even reports from others. In the case of 45 Mexicanas in the United States, one of the many devastating consequences of defeat and conquest has been that the traditional institutions that preserve and transfer culture (the documentation of the past) have ignored these personal written sources. The letters, writings, and documents of 50 Mexican people have rarely, if ever, been included in archives, special collections, or libraries. At best, some centers have attempted to collect newspapers published by Mexicans, but the effort was started late. The historian who tries to reconstruct the past from newspapers is constantly 55 frustrated because, although titles abound, collections are scarce and often incomplete. Although many hours of previous study and preparation had taken me to doña Teodora's kitchen, I was initially unsure of my place. Was I really an insider or were the 60 experiences that had made the lives of my interviewees such that, although I could speak Spanish and am Mexicana, I was still an outsider? I realized, nonetheless, that the richness and depth of the spoken word challenges the comforting theories and models 65 of the social sciences. Mexican history challenges social- science models derived solely from victorious imperialistic experiences. Our history cannot be written without new sources. These sources will determine which concepts are needed to 70 illuminate and interpret the past, and these concepts will emerge from the people themselves. This will permit the description of events and structures to assume a culturally relevant perspective, thus emphasizing the point of view of the Mexican people. The use of theoretical constructs must 75 follow the voices of the people who live the reality, con- sciously or not. For too long the experiences of women have been studied according to male-oriented sources and constructs. These must be questioned. For the history of Mexican people, the sources primarily exist in our own 80 worlds. And it is here where we must begin. I often found that as the memory awakened, other sources would emerge. Boxes of letters, photographs, and even manuscripts and diaries would appear. Long-standing assumptions of illiteracy were shattered and had to be reexamined. I saw 85 that constant reevaluation became the rule rather than the exception. I entered women's worlds created on the margin —not only of Anglo life, but of, and outside of, the lives of their own fathers, husbands, sons, brothers, or priests, bosses, and bureaucrats. The author's comments in the third paragraph (lines 36-56) suggest that her research project resembles more conventional research in its

• use of written public materials as a starting point (Correct answer)
• attention to the details of everyday life in certain communities
• adoption of family memories of past events as data
• assumption that conventional sources are accurate but incomplete
• reliance on church and state records to test new theories

Correct answer: use of written public materials as a starting point

The third paragraph explicitly states, "My search had begun in libraries and archives—repositories of conventional history. The available sources were to be found in census reports, church records, directories, and other such statistical information." This indicates that the author's research initially followed a conventional approach by starting with established written public records and statistical data.

Question 172: Someone who is 'frugal' with money tends to:

• Be careful and avoid waste (Correct answer)
• Invest heavily in stocks
• Spend extravagantly on luxuries
• Donate generously to charities

Correct answer: Be careful and avoid waste

Frugal means being economical and avoiding unnecessary spending or waste.

Question 173: What Are We Saving Through Daylight Saving Time? (1) Daylight Saving Time is observed by western nations including the United States of America and the European Union every year. Although many nations observe Daylight Saving Time in different ways, they all usually adhere to the same principle. Everyone changes their clocks throughout the summer so that there is an hour more of sunlight in the evening than there would have been in the morning. Even more bizarre than this practice is the fact that most individuals don't know why Daylight Saving Time exists. People advance their clocks by one hour each March, then sometimes for no reason at all, turn them back one hour in November. (2) The majority of people only know that Benjamin Franklin first advocated Daylight Saving Time as a concept. Franklin did suggest the notion in 1784, but the United States didn't implement Daylight Saving Time until 1918—more than a century after his passing—after other European nations had already accepted the practice. Franklin's notion was well received in Europe, but no one gave it much thought until an English builder named William Willet put it up in a pamphlet in 1907. Another fact regarding Daylight Saving Time that many appear to "know" is that it was instituted to benefit farmers. Nobody appears to be aware of how that precisely works. The real explanation behind Daylight Saving Time is considerably more straightforward and innocent than that. (3) People would have more time in the evening to be outside in the sunlight because Daylight Saving Time was implemented. Why squander that lovely sunlight in the morning hours while everyone is asleep? Experts have argued for the benefits of daylight saving time ever since it was implemented in America 100 years ago. Numerous experts claim that it lowers the nation's energy bills. This is accurate, although the energy we conserve at this time is only a tiny fraction (perhaps 1%). Others contend that having more daylight in the evening keeps us safer and lowers our risk of suffering injuries in accidents. However, studies have revealed that our internal clocks do not change smoothly, which causes an increase in heart attacks, strokes, and traffic accidents every March. Why then do we continue to do it each year? (4) Once more, the response to this query is a straightforward and charming one: We enjoy it. The initial purpose of daylight saving time, which is still observed today, was to offer people an extra hour of daylight in the evening. Daylight Saving Time won't end as long as people love having that extra hour in the evening. Which of the following best sums up the article's organizational structure?

• Compare/Contrast
• Exploration/Conclusion (Correct answer)
• Cause/Effect
• Chronological

Correct answer: Exploration/Conclusion

The article starts by introducing Daylight Saving Time as a "bizarre" practice whose purpose is unknown to most, setting up an inquiry into its existence. It then explores historical facts, common misconceptions, and purported benefits, before ultimately arriving at a definitive "straightforward and charming" conclusion in the final paragraph about why it truly persists. This progression from questioning to a clear answer defines an exploration-conclusion structure.

Question 174: Tornado Alert (1) Since there are more tornadoes in the United States than in any other nation in the world, it is crucial for Americans, especially those who live in high-risk areas, to be able to recognize the warning signs. Anyone in the path of a tornado runs the risk of death and great property destruction. Many lives will be saved if people are better able to predict when a tornado would make landfall. (2) It's crucial to first comprehend how and why tornadoes originate. A tornado is caused by particular weather patterns. In general, a tornado arises when the air temperature is unstable, which is frequently brought on by warm, humid conditions close to the ground and cooler conditions higher in the atmosphere. Wind conditions have a big role in tornadoes. For a tornado to form, there must be significant wind shear, or variations in the direction of the wind. Once it starts, a tornado won't stay on the ground for more than 20 minutes, but even in that short amount of time, it may cause a lot of damage. (3) So, how can people get ready for a possible tornado? It all comes down to recognizing the warning signs. People can keep an eye out for any obvious and rapid changes in the sky and clouds. For instance, the onset of a greenish hue in the sky could indicate the approach of a tornado. Similar to the appearance of a "wall" of clouds, an incoming cloud of debris may indicate the formation of a tornado. Sometimes hail will start to fall in place of the debris. In addition, a lot of people have talked about how there is a strange hush and stillness before a tornado. This is a perfect illustration of the cliché "calm before the storm." (4) Knowing the tornado warning signals, especially if you live in a location where they frequently occur, can give you the crucial time you need to find safety from the devastation. Because they are so challenging to forecast, tornadoes continue to confound meteorologists. Even though meteorologists have become very adept at spotting potential tornado risks, you won't have much time to prepare if a tornado is headed your way. It's best to be able to recognize the warning signs on your own and to be as ready as you can be in case/when a tornado strikes close to your home. Which of these might be a tornado warning sign, based on the passage?

• a cloud of debris (Correct answer)
• downpouring rain
• loud, thunderous noises
• lightning

Correct answer: a cloud of debris

Paragraph 3 explicitly lists several tornado warning signs. It states, "an incoming cloud of debris may indicate the formation of a tornado." This directly identifies a cloud of debris as a potential indicator of an approaching tornado.

Question 175: Swimming has developed from a primal mode of movement to an advanced hobby and competitive sport. Exercising nearly every muscle group, swimming is a rigorous sport and requires intense training. In competitions swimmers typically contend for the fastest time to complete a certain distance by performing a specific swimming stroke. Also, swimmers work to build endurance and an ability to swim over long distances. Because swimming has developed into a highly intricate competitive sport, where one wrong technique can disqualify a participant, it is interesting to ponder how the sport will evolve for people in the future, either advancing into a progressive purpose or regressing to a primal mode of movement. Which of the following situations would fulfill the author’s prophecy for swimming?

• People swim in home and community pools to relax and exercise.
• Swimming remains a competitive Olympic sport.
• Humans settling on the moon use swimming techniques to move through space. (Correct answer)
• Animals, including amphibians, begin to swim instinctively upon birth, as a dominant genetic trait.
• Fish begin swimming at unprecedented speeds and extend the average life span.

Correct answer: Humans settling on the moon use swimming techniques to move through space.

The author's prophecy for swimming involves it "either advancing into a progressive purpose or regressing to a primal mode of movement." Using swimming techniques for movement in space, as humans settle on the moon, represents a significant advancement and adaptation of the activity to an entirely new and progressive purpose. This scenario aligns with the author's speculation about the sport's future evolution beyond its current forms.

Question 176: What is 20% of 100?

• None of these
• 120
• 20 (Correct answer)
• 2
• 5

Correct answer: 20

To calculate a percentage of a number, convert the percentage to a decimal and then multiply it by the number. 20% as a decimal is 0.20. Multiplying 0.20 by 100 gives you 20, so 20% of 100 is 20.