STP Research, Development & Innovation 2

Question 1

Which statistical concept describes the probability of detecting a true effect in a study, given that the effect actually exists?

Accepted Answer

Statistical power

Answer

Statistical power (1 − β) is the probability that a study will correctly reject the null hypothesis when a true effect exists.

Question 2

In clinical research, what is the primary purpose of a Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB)?

Accepted Answer

To independently review accumulating data and recommend stopping the trial if necessary

Answer

A DSMB independently monitors participant safety and trial data, recommending early termination if harm or clear benefit is detected.

Question 3

Which type of validity refers to how well study findings can be applied to populations or settings beyond the original study?

Accepted Answer

External validity

Answer

External validity (generalisability) concerns whether results can be applied to other populations, settings, and time points.

Question 4

A researcher wishes to reduce the risk of allocation bias in a randomised controlled trial. Which technique is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Concealed allocation with a centralised randomisation service

Answer

Concealed allocation prevents recruiters from predicting the next assignment, eliminating selection bias at enrolment.

Question 5

Which Good Clinical Practice (GCP) principle states that the rights, safety, and wellbeing of trial subjects must prevail over the interests of science and society?

Accepted Answer

The overriding primacy of participant welfare

Answer

ICH GCP Principle 2.3 explicitly states that the rights, safety, and wellbeing of trial subjects are the most important considerations and should prevail over the interests of science and society.

(STP) Scientist Training Programme Practice Test

(STP) Scientist Training Programme Practice Test

STP Research, Development & Innovation 2