General Flashcards

Choose a term that has the same or similar meaning to the bold word. The statement was CORROBORATED.

Answer: confirmed

To 'corroborate' means to confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding. If a statement was corroborated, it means that additional evidence or information was found that supported its truthfulness. Therefore, 'confirmed' is the most accurate synonym, indicating that the statement's validity was strengthened.

Choose a term that has the same or similar meaning to the bold word. AMBIGUOUS inquiries

Answer: vague

'Ambiguous' describes something that is open to more than one interpretation, having an unclear or inexact meaning. An ambiguous inquiry would lack clarity and could be understood in multiple ways. 'Vague' is the closest synonym, meaning unclear, imprecise, or lacking definite form.

In the sentence, choose the word that best explains the bold word's meaning. No REMORSE was shown by the unrepentant criminal.

Answer: regret

'Remorse' refers to deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed. The sentence states 'No REMORSE was shown by the unrepentant criminal,' implying a lack of sorrow or guilt for their actions. Therefore, 'regret' accurately captures the meaning of remorse in this context.

In the sentence, select the word that best describes the meaning of the bold term. Despite her DISTRAUGHT about her child's disappearance, the woman remained cool enough to provide the police her description.

Answer: anguished

'Distraught' means deeply upset and agitated. The sentence describes the woman's state about her child's disappearance, indicating intense emotional distress. 'Anguished' perfectly conveys this feeling of severe mental or physical pain or suffering, making it the best fit.

His desire to donate enormous sums of money to beneficial causes exemplified his ____ .

Answer: altruism

'Altruism' is the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often demonstrated by acts of generosity and charity. The desire to donate enormous sums of money to beneficial causes exemplifies putting others' needs before one's own. This behavior is a direct manifestation of altruism.

Fill in the blanks with the word that best completes the sentence. Professor Ramon was a very ____ man who was well-known for his academic achievements.

Answer: erudite

'Erudite' describes someone having or showing great knowledge or learning. Professor Ramon being 'well-known for his academic achievements' strongly suggests he possesses extensive knowledge. Therefore, 'erudite' is the most fitting word to describe such a highly educated and scholarly individual.

Choose the word that has the same or almost the same meaning as the bold word. a CONVIVIAL company

Answer: lively

'Convivial' describes a person or atmosphere that is friendly, lively, and enjoyable, especially when referring to a social gathering. A 'convivial company' would be one that is cheerful and full of life. 'Lively' is the best synonym, capturing the energetic and engaging nature implied.

When cops take a suspect into custody, they must recite them their Miranda rights. When a suspect who is only being interrogated incriminates himself, he may subsequently claim that he was in detention and attempt to have the case dismissed on the basis that he was not informed of his Miranda rights. In such circumstances, a judge must decide whether or not a reasonable person would have considered himself to be in custody, depending on a set of factors. The judge must evaluate if the suspect was interrogated in a threatening manner (for example, if the subject was seated while both policemen remained on their feet) and whether the suspect was aware that he or she had the right to leave at any time. Officers must be aware of these criteria and take care not to provide suspects with grounds for later claiming they were in custody. What is the passage's major point?

Answer: Officers must remember to read the Miranda rights to suspects.

The passage emphasizes the critical importance for officers to understand the criteria for custody and the necessity of reading Miranda rights. It highlights the legal repercussions, such as case dismissal, if these rights are not properly administered when a suspect is in custody. Therefore, the main point is the officers' responsibility to ensure Miranda rights are correctly recited.

When cops take a suspect into custody, they must recite them their Miranda rights. When a suspect who is only being interrogated incriminates himself, he may subsequently claim that he was in detention and attempt to have the case dismissed on the basis that he was not informed of his Miranda rights. In such circumstances, a judge must decide whether or not a reasonable person would have considered himself to be in custody, depending on a set of factors. The judge must evaluate if the suspect was interrogated in a threatening manner (for example, if the subject was seated while both policemen remained on their feet) and whether the suspect was aware that he or she had the right to leave at any time. Officers must be aware of these criteria and take care not to provide suspects with grounds for later claiming they were in custody. When a suspect isn't in custody?

Answer: When you are given permission to leave the police station

The passage explicitly states that a judge must evaluate 'whether the suspect was aware that he or she had the right to leave at any time' to determine if they were in custody. If a suspect is given permission to leave, it indicates they are not being detained and are therefore not considered to be in custody. This freedom to depart is a key indicator.

When cops take a suspect into custody, they must recite them their Miranda rights. When a suspect who is only being interrogated incriminates himself, he may subsequently claim that he was in detention and attempt to have the case dismissed on the basis that he was not informed of his Miranda rights. In such circumstances, a judge must decide whether or not a reasonable person would have considered himself to be in custody, depending on a set of factors. The judge must evaluate if the suspect was interrogated in a threatening manner (for example, if the subject was seated while both policemen remained on their feet) and whether the suspect was aware that he or she had the right to leave at any time. Officers must be aware of these criteria and take care not to provide suspects with grounds for later claiming they were in custody. When must police officers inform a suspect of his or her Miranda rights?

Answer: While arresting the suspect

The passage begins by stating, 'When cops take a suspect into custody, they must recite them their Miranda rights.' Taking a suspect into custody is synonymous with arresting them or significantly depriving them of their freedom. Therefore, Miranda rights must be read at the point of arrest or when a person's freedom of movement is significantly restricted.

When cops take a suspect into custody, they must recite them their Miranda rights. When a suspect who is only being interrogated incriminates himself, he may subsequently claim that he was in detention and attempt to have the case dismissed on the basis that he was not informed of his Miranda rights. In such circumstances, a judge must decide whether or not a reasonable person would have considered himself to be in custody, depending on a set of factors. The judge must evaluate if the suspect was interrogated in a threatening manner (for example, if the subject was seated while both policemen remained on their feet) and whether the suspect was aware that he or she had the right to leave at any time. Officers must be aware of these criteria and take care not to provide suspects with grounds for later claiming they were in custody. When questioning a suspect who is not under arrest, a police officer must:

Answer: notify the suspect that he is free to depart

The passage discusses how a judge determines if a reasonable person would have considered themselves in custody, including 'whether the suspect was aware that he or she had the right to leave at any time.' To avoid the appearance of custody when a suspect is not under arrest, officers should explicitly inform them of their freedom to leave. This prevents later claims of unlawful detention.

In an urban setting, police officers should be knowledgeable of the cultural beliefs and customs of the subcultures they are likely to serve. Because he had stocking tops in his drawer, a black guy was arrested for the murder of a woman who was strangled with a pair of stockings missing their tops. Stocking tops were utilized in a hairstyling method widespread in black communities at the time, which the white police officers were unaware of. The all-white jury was no exception. This demonstrates why it is critical that both police forces and judges reflect the diversity of their communities, not just officers who are culturally savvy. Why do police officers need to be aware of the subculture they serve, according to the passage?

Answer: because their ignorance may result in inequity

The passage provides an example where officers' ignorance of a common hairstyling practice in the black community led to the wrongful arrest of a man. This demonstrates how a lack of cultural awareness can lead to misinterpretations and unjust outcomes. Therefore, police officers need cultural knowledge to prevent inequitable treatment and ensure fair law enforcement.

In an urban setting, police officers should be knowledgeable of the cultural beliefs and customs of the subcultures they are likely to serve. Because he had stocking tops in his drawer, a black guy was arrested for the murder of a woman who was strangled with a pair of stockings missing their tops. Stocking tops were utilized in a hairstyling method widespread in black communities at the time, which the white police officers were unaware of. The all-white jury was no exception. This demonstrates why it is critical that both police forces and judges reflect the diversity of their communities, not just officers who are culturally savvy. Why was the black guy accused of murder in the passage?

Answer: because only the murderer appeared to have stocking tops, according to the officers

The passage states the man was arrested 'Because he had stocking tops in his drawer' and the victim was strangled with stockings missing their tops. The officers, unaware of the cultural use of stocking tops, likely concluded that possession of these items linked him to the crime. They assumed only the murderer would have such items, leading to his accusation.

In an urban setting, police officers should be knowledgeable of the cultural beliefs and customs of the subcultures they are likely to serve. Because he had stocking tops in his drawer, a black guy was arrested for the murder of a woman who was strangled with a pair of stockings missing their tops. Stocking tops were utilized in a hairstyling method widespread in black communities at the time, which the white police officers were unaware of. The all-white jury was no exception. This demonstrates why it is critical that both police forces and judges reflect the diversity of their communities, not just officers who are culturally savvy. In order to be effective, juries should reflect the variety of the communities they serve, according to the passage.

Answer: decrease the possibility of bias in their decisions

The passage highlights how an 'all-white jury was no exception' to the cultural ignorance that led to a wrongful accusation. It argues for diverse juries, reflecting the community, to prevent such biases. A diverse jury is less likely to make decisions based on cultural misunderstandings or prejudices, thereby decreasing the possibility of bias in their decisions and ensuring fairer outcomes.

Select the word or phrase that most closely describes the bold word's meaning. The general population was APATHETIC about the decision.

Answer: indifferent

'Apathetic' means showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern. If the general population was apathetic about a decision, they were unconcerned or uninterested. 'Indifferent' is a direct synonym, meaning having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned.

Select the word or phrase that most closely describes the bold word's meaning. The new data FORTIFIED the ideas of several criminal psychologists.

Answer: reinforced

To 'fortify' means to strengthen or invigorate something. In the context of ideas, it means to provide additional support or evidence to make them stronger or more convincing. 'Reinforced' perfectly captures this meaning, indicating that the new data strengthened the existing ideas of the criminal psychologists.