Maternal and Child Health Flashcards

What is the correct site for intramuscular injection in infants under 12 months?

Answer: Vastus lateralis (anterolateral thigh)

The vastus lateralis (anterolateral thigh) is the preferred IM injection site for infants and children under 3 years because the deltoid and gluteal muscles are underdeveloped. The dorsogluteal site is avoided in all ages due to proximity to the sciatic nerve.

A mother asks when her baby's anterior fontanelle should close. What is the correct response?

Answer: 12–18 months

The anterior fontanelle (the 'soft spot' at the top of the head) normally closes between 12 and 18 months as the skull bones fuse. Early closure (craniosynostosis) and delayed closure both warrant medical evaluation.

Which observation indicates a toddler is experiencing normal separation anxiety?

Answer: Crying when the parent leaves but calming with a substitute caregiver

Separation anxiety is developmentally normal between 6 months and 2 years. Normal anxiety includes protest at separation but eventual consolation by a trusted alternative caregiver. Inconsolable distress or physical symptoms suggest abnormal anxiety.

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for single-rescuer infant CPR?

Answer: 30:2

Single-rescuer infant and child CPR uses a 30:2 ratio (30 compressions to 2 breaths), the same as adult CPR. Two-rescuer pediatric CPR uses a 15:2 ratio to allow more frequent compressions in children with higher respiratory rates.

A primigravida at 36 weeks reports a sudden gush of fluid from the vagina. What is the priority nursing action?

Answer: Assess fetal heart rate and check for cord prolapse

A sudden gush of fluid suggests premature rupture of membranes (PROM). The immediate priority is fetal heart rate assessment and visual inspection for cord prolapse at the vaginal introitus. Cord prolapse is a life-threatening emergency requiring urgent intervention.

Which immunization schedule is given at 2 months in Saudi Arabia?

Answer: DTaP, IPV, Hib, Hepatitis B, PCV, and Rotavirus

Saudi Arabia's expanded immunization program at 2 months includes DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis), IPV (inactivated polio), Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), Hepatitis B (second dose), PCV13 (pneumococcal), and oral rotavirus vaccine.