Fundamentals of Nursing Flashcards

What is the correct order of the nursing process?

Answer: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

The nursing process follows the sequence: Assessment (collect data), Diagnosis (identify problems), Planning (set goals), Implementation (carry out interventions), and Evaluation (assess outcomes). This ADPIE sequence is universally accepted.

Which position is most appropriate for a patient experiencing respiratory distress?

Answer: High Fowler's position (60–90 degrees)

High Fowler's position (60–90 degrees) allows maximum lung expansion by using gravity to lower the diaphragm, improving ventilation. It is the first-line positioning intervention for respiratory distress.

A nurse is performing hand hygiene. According to WHO guidelines, how long should alcohol-based handrub be applied?

Answer: 20–30 seconds

WHO guidelines specify that alcohol-based handrub should be applied for 20–30 seconds covering all surfaces until hands are dry. This duration ensures effective microbial reduction.

Which vital sign change is an early indicator of hypovolemic shock?

Answer: Increased heart rate (tachycardia)

Tachycardia is the earliest compensatory response to hypovolemia, as the body increases heart rate to maintain cardiac output when blood volume is reduced. Blood pressure typically falls later.

What does the acronym 'SBAR' stand for in nursing communication?

Answer: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation

SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation. It is a standardized communication framework used in healthcare to convey critical patient information clearly and concisely.

When performing a bed bath, in which order should body parts be washed?

Answer: Face, neck, arms, chest, abdomen, legs, back, perineum

The correct order moves from cleanest to dirtiest areas: face and neck first, then arms, chest, abdomen, legs, back, and perineum last. This prevents transferring microorganisms from dirty to clean areas.