Fundamentals of Nursing Flashcards

Which type of isolation precaution is required for a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis?

Answer: Airborne precautions

Pulmonary tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei (particles <5 microns) that remain suspended in the air. Airborne precautions require a negative-pressure room and N95 respirators.

A patient's blood pressure is 150/95 mmHg. How should this reading be documented?

Answer: 150/95 mmHg

Blood pressure is documented numerically as systolic/diastolic in mmHg format (e.g., 150/95 mmHg). This standardized format ensures clarity and consistency across healthcare records.

What is the normal range for adult respiratory rate?

Answer: 12–20 breaths per minute

The normal adult respiratory rate is 12–20 breaths per minute. Values below 12 (bradypnea) or above 20 (tachypnea) may indicate respiratory compromise and require further assessment.

Which nursing intervention is the highest priority when a patient develops sudden severe chest pain?

Answer: Assess the patient and notify the physician immediately

Sudden severe chest pain can indicate a life-threatening condition such as myocardial infarction. The priority is immediate assessment and physician notification to initiate rapid diagnostic and treatment protocols.

What is the purpose of a nursing care plan?

Answer: To provide individualized, goal-directed care and guide interventions

A nursing care plan individualizes care based on patient-specific nursing diagnoses and goals. It guides nursing interventions, promotes continuity of care, and provides a framework for evaluation.

A patient is in pain and rates it 8/10. Which action should the nurse take first?

Answer: Perform a comprehensive pain assessment

A comprehensive pain assessment (location, quality, duration, aggravating/relieving factors) must precede any intervention to ensure appropriate and safe management. Assessment drives the intervention choice.