SNLE Community Health Nursing 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the primary goal of primary prevention in community health?
- Prevent disease before it occurs through health promotion and risk reduction (Correct answer)
- Detect disease early through screening
- Reduce the impact of established disease
- Rehabilitate individuals after illness
Correct answer: Prevent disease before it occurs through health promotion and risk reduction
Primary prevention targets healthy individuals to prevent disease onset. Examples include immunizations, health education, tobacco cessation, and sanitation. Secondary prevention is early detection (screening); tertiary prevention is reducing disability from established disease.
Question 2: What does 'epidemiology' study?
- The distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations (Correct answer)
- Individual patient care
- Pharmacological treatments
- Surgical techniques
Correct answer: The distribution and determinants of health and disease in populations
Epidemiology studies the frequency, distribution (who gets disease, where, when), and determinants (why — risk factors, causes) of health conditions in populations. This data drives public health policy, disease prevention, and control strategies.
Question 3: Which is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
- Hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia (Correct answer)
- Age
- Sex
- Family history
Correct answer: Hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia
Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through intervention. Hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet are all modifiable. Age, sex, and genetic factors are non-modifiable.
Question 4: What is the 'cold chain' in immunization?
- The system maintaining vaccines at required temperatures from manufacture to administration (Correct answer)
- The process of administering vaccines in cold climates
- The transport of vaccines on ice from the factory
- A method of vaccine preparation
Correct answer: The system maintaining vaccines at required temperatures from manufacture to administration
The cold chain is the end-to-end temperature-controlled supply chain (typically 2–8°C for most vaccines) that preserves vaccine potency from manufacturing through storage, transport, and administration. Cold chain breaks render vaccines ineffective.
Question 5: Which indicators are used to measure maternal health in a population?
- Maternal mortality ratio, antenatal care coverage, and skilled birth attendance (Correct answer)
- Infant vaccination rates
- Life expectancy at birth
- Number of hospitals per capita
Correct answer: Maternal mortality ratio, antenatal care coverage, and skilled birth attendance
Maternal health is measured by: maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births), antenatal care coverage (% of women receiving ANC), proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel, and contraceptive prevalence rate.
Question 6: What does the term 'herd immunity' mean?
- Sufficient community vaccination coverage that protects even unvaccinated individuals by interrupting transmission (Correct answer)
- Vaccination of only high-risk individuals
- Natural immunity acquired through disease
- Immunity that lasts only in herds of animals
Correct answer: Sufficient community vaccination coverage that protects even unvaccinated individuals by interrupting transmission
Herd immunity (community immunity) occurs when a high enough proportion of the population is immune (through vaccination or prior infection) that the pathogen cannot sustain transmission, indirectly protecting those who cannot be vaccinated (immunocompromised, infants).
SNLE Community Health Nursing 1
What is the primary goal of primary prevention in community health?