SNLE Community Health Nursing 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A nurse is conducting a home visit for a patient with hypertension. Which finding requires immediate referral?
- Blood pressure of 200/120 mmHg with severe headache (Correct answer)
- Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg without symptoms
- Mild ankle edema
- Irregular sleep schedule
Correct answer: Blood pressure of 200/120 mmHg with severe headache
BP of 200/120 mmHg with severe headache is a hypertensive emergency (possible end-organ damage — stroke, encephalopathy, renal failure). Immediate emergency referral is required. Hypertensive urgency is severe BP without end-organ damage; emergency involves damage.
Question 2: What is the recommended approach for tuberculosis contact investigation?
- Screen all close contacts with TST or IGRA and treat latent TB infection in high-risk individuals (Correct answer)
- Screen only symptomatic contacts
- Treat all contacts with full TB therapy
- No action needed unless contacts develop symptoms
Correct answer: Screen all close contacts with TST or IGRA and treat latent TB infection in high-risk individuals
TB contact investigation identifies recently infected individuals who can progress to active TB. All close contacts receive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Positive test with no active disease = latent TB treated with isoniazid to prevent activation.
Question 3: What is the primary purpose of a health needs assessment in community nursing?
- To identify health priorities and gaps in services in a community (Correct answer)
- To audit hospital records
- To evaluate individual patient outcomes
- To allocate nursing staff schedules
Correct answer: To identify health priorities and gaps in services in a community
A community health needs assessment identifies the population's health status, risk factors, existing resources, service gaps, and priorities. It uses data from surveys, vital statistics, and community input to guide evidence-based public health planning.
Question 4: Which level of Maslow's hierarchy must be met before safety needs can be addressed?
- Physiological needs (food, water, shelter, air) (Correct answer)
- Esteem needs
- Social needs
- Self-actualization
Correct answer: Physiological needs (food, water, shelter, air)
Maslow's hierarchy places physiological needs (oxygen, water, food, warmth, sleep) at the base. These must be met before safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs can be effectively addressed in nursing care planning.
Question 5: What does 'incidence rate' measure in epidemiology?
- New cases of a disease in a population at risk over a specified time period (Correct answer)
- Total cases of a disease at a point in time
- Death rates from a specific disease
- Number of hospitalizations per year
Correct answer: New cases of a disease in a population at risk over a specified time period
Incidence rate measures new cases occurring in a disease-free (at-risk) population during a defined period. It reflects the risk of developing a disease. Prevalence measures all existing cases (both new and old) at a specific time.
Question 6: Which communicable disease is targeted for eradication in Saudi Arabia through the Expanded Program on Immunization?
- Poliomyelitis (Correct answer)
- Measles
- Hepatitis C
- Malaria
Correct answer: Poliomyelitis
Polio eradication is a global WHO goal. Saudi Arabia maintains high polio vaccination coverage (OPV/IPV) and participates in global eradication efforts. Saudi Arabia has been polio-free and maintains surveillance at borders due to high pilgrim traffic during Hajj.
SNLE Community Health Nursing 2
A nurse is conducting a home visit for a patient with hypertension.
Which finding requires immediate referral?