SMLE Community Medicine & Preventive Health 1

Question 1

Which of the following statistics is the BEST indicator of the overall quality of healthcare in a country?

Accepted Answer

Infant mortality rate

Answer

Infant mortality rate is the most sensitive indicator of healthcare quality as it reflects nutrition, sanitation, maternal care, and the overall effectiveness of the health system.

Question 2

A screening test has a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 90%. If the prevalence of the disease increases in the tested population, what happens to the positive predictive value (PPV)?

Accepted Answer

PPV increases

Answer

As disease prevalence increases, the proportion of true positives among all positive tests rises, so PPV increases accordingly.

Question 3

According to the Saudi National Immunization Program, which two vaccines are administered at birth?

Accepted Answer

BCG and Hepatitis B

Answer

The Saudi immunization schedule administers BCG (to prevent tuberculosis) and Hepatitis B vaccine at birth.

Question 4

A 35-year-old asymptomatic woman undergoes a Pap smear test for cervical cancer detection. This is an example of which level of prevention?

Accepted Answer

Secondary prevention

Answer

Secondary prevention involves early detection of disease in asymptomatic individuals through screening, such as Pap smears for cervical cancer.

Question 5

In a case-control study investigating the association between a risk factor and a disease, which measure of association is typically calculated?

Accepted Answer

Odds ratio

Answer

Odds ratio is used in case-control studies because incidence data is not directly available; it approximates relative risk when disease prevalence is low.

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SMLE Community Medicine & Preventive Health 1