SMLE Paediatrics 2

Question 1

A 2-year-old child presents with high fever for 5 days, bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, and a polymorphous rash.
What is the most important treatment to prevent complications?

Accepted Answer

IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin

Answer

Oral antibiotics

Answer

Corticosteroids alone

Answer

Antipyretics and observation

Question 2

An infant presents with 'red currant jelly' stools, colicky abdominal pain, and a sausage-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant. What is the initial diagnostic and therapeutic procedure?

Accepted Answer

Air-contrast enema (pneumatic reduction)

Answer

Barium enema

Answer

Immediate surgery

Answer

Abdominal ultrasound only

Question 3

A 3-year-old child with sickle cell disease presents with sudden pallor, tachycardia, and a rapidly enlarging spleen. Haemoglobin is 4 g/dL. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute splenic sequestration crisis

Answer

Vaso-occlusive crisis

Answer

Aplastic crisis

Answer

Haemolytic crisis

Question 4

A term neonate develops jaundice within the first 24 hours of life. The mother is blood group O positive and the baby is blood group A positive. Direct Coombs test is positive. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer

Physiological jaundice

Answer

Breast milk jaundice

Answer

Gilbert syndrome

Question 5

A 7-year-old child presents 2 weeks after a sore throat with dark-coloured urine, periorbital oedema, and hypertension. Serum complement C3 is low. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

IgA nephropathy

Answer

Membranous nephropathy

Question 6

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular septal defect

Answer

Atrial septal defect

Answer

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot