Geography Flashcards

What is 'sustainable development'?

Answer: Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

Sustainable development, as defined by the Brundtland Commission (1987), meets the needs of the present without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.

Which of the following is a push factor for rural-urban migration?

Answer: Lack of services and employment in rural areas

Push factors encourage people to leave rural areas — these include limited employment, poor services, low income, and lack of opportunities in the countryside.

What is the term for the process by which human activities increase the salt content of soil?

Answer: Salinisation

Salinisation occurs when salts accumulate in the topsoil, often due to irrigation with water containing dissolved salts, making soil less fertile or infertile.

Which type of plate boundary involves two plates moving apart?

Answer: Divergent boundary

At divergent boundaries, tectonic plates move apart, allowing magma to rise and form new crust. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example.

What is the primary cause of coastal erosion?

Answer: Wave action, chemical weathering, and human activities

Coastal erosion is primarily caused by wave action (hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution), combined with weathering and human activities that remove protective features.

What is 'food security'?

Answer: When all people have consistent access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food

Food security exists when all people have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life.