Selenium Testing Framework 2025

Many businesses prefer individuals with a bachelor’s degree in software development or a similar discipline, and you’ll require a deep understanding of software engineering and automated testing methods. You should be familiar with a variety of online browsers, recent versions of Windows Server, and SQL, as well as possess superior analytical, problem-solving, and communication abilities.

Selenium (Se) has six valence electrons.

Selenium WebDriver is an open source set of APIs for automating web application testing.

Selenium Remote Control (RC) is a Java-based server that receives HTTP commands for the browser.

Selenium Testing is a selected set of several software solutions that each strive for a unique approach to supporting test automation.

To create a Selenium script for testing a web application, follow these six steps:

• Make a WebDriver instance
• Go to a website and look around.
• On the web page, look for an HTML element.
• Anticipate the browser’s response after performing an action on the HTML element
• Finish the test

You’ll need to develop test scripts in your preferred programming language to complete these stages in Selenium.
After you’ve built the script, you can use it to test any web application.

Selenium’s advantages include being free, open-source, and supporting a wide range of browsers, operating systems, and programming languages. Some disadvantages include the need for technical expertise, the time it takes to set up and maintain, and the fact that many testing techniques involve third-party interfaces.

Right-click the dropdown menu and select ‘Inspect element with Firebug’ to acquire an element’s XPATH. The matching code would then be highlighted in Firebug, right-clicked, and copied with XPath selected. We can copy the XPATH and paste it into the Target section of the Selenium IDE tool using this method.

In Selenium, you can use the TakesScreenshot interface, which allows the Selenium WebDriver to take a screenshot and save it in several formats. It has a method called “getScreenshotAs()” that takes a snapshot and saves it in a given location.

The following steps can be used to set up an unauthenticated proxy server in Selenium: From the package, import Selenium WebDriver. Create a proxy server (IP:PORT) ChromeOptions should be set () The proxy server parameter should be added to the options). The parameters should be added to the Chrome () instance.

In Python, Selenium works with elements. An element is an instance of the class selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement, which can be a tag, property, or anything else. After using Selenium to locate an element on the screen, you may wish to click on it or look for sub-elements, among other things. Selenium provides methods for this Selenium WebElement.

In Selenium WebDriver, there are three major sorts of exceptions:

• Checked Exceptions: These exceptions can be dealt with during the compilation process. If they aren’t handled, a compile-time error occurs. Examples include FileNotFoundException, IOException, and other similar exceptions.
• Unchecked Exceptions: These exceptions were caught at run time because they couldn’t be handled during build time. An ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException is an example of an exception that occurs when the index of an array is out of bounds.
• Errors: Errors that even the try-catch block can’t manage. An assertion error is a good example.

When Selenium Webdriver fails to click on any element due to a problem, JavaScriptExecutor is used. Selenium Webdriver was used to run the JavaScript.

Our automation run may be significantly slowed. Because it is unstable and unreliable, the Thread.sleep () function is not suitable in automation scripts. When compared to the implicit and explicit wait times in Selenium, the time must be given in milliseconds.

When you run Selenium tests, they run in the background.

Yes, selenium can be detected in a variety of ways by websites in general.

We’ll use the 4xx class of status code to discover broken images with Selenium WebDriver, which indicates that a page or the entire website is unavailable. The status code of class 2xx (especially 200) indicates that the web browser’s request was successful and that the browser received the required answer.

In Selenium, the most common ways of dealing with alerts are: accept () – takes the available alert and accepts it. Dismiss ()—Removes the currently active alarm from the system. Send keys to the alert using send keys (keysToSend). It gets the alert’s text as a string.

Simply right-click on the element (under the ‘Electronics’ menu item) and select “Inspect Element.” Make a list of the “attribute-value” pairs, which in this case are class and title.

Use the command pip install selenium to install the Selenium bindings on our system. As a result, a Selenium folder should be generated within the Python folder. Run the command pip install –U selenium to update the current version of Selenium.

In Selenium, there is a concept of synchronization that describes implicit and explicit waits. We’ll utilize the explicit wait idea to wait till the page loads.

Selenium does not include a method to minimize the browser window by default. If you want to keep working on your desktop while the Selenium script is running and don’t want to see the execution steps rendered on the screen, you can utilize headless browsers like HTMLUnitDriver, PhantomJS, and others.

We will use an input type – checkbox in xpath.

In Selenium C#, the Page Object Model is a design pattern that is widely used by the Selenium community for automation tests. The Page Object Model in Selenium C# follows the primary design philosophy of creating a central object repository for controls on a web page. As a result, every web page will have its own class.

TDD is a software development methodology in which test cases are created to specify and validate what the code will accomplish.

In Selenium, we can open and shut tabs using the Robot class, but we also have the Key_Control concept. Use the following keyboard shortcuts to open and close tabs in the browser: Ctrl+t (Open New tab) Ctrl+w (Close tab)

The current_url method is used to get the URL of the webpage the user is viewing right now. It returns the URL of the current webpage loaded by the Selenium driver.

You can’t escape a shaky test. The likelihood of flakiness grows as your automation suit grows. As a result, rather than reacting to flakiness, it is vital to be proactive in your approach.

Selenium is a popular browser automation technology that is frequently used by testing teams in DevOps pipelines. It is an open-source solution that saves money for testing teams and functional testers that are in charge of UI testing. One of the most efficient ways to implement Web UI testing in DevOps is to utilize Selenium.

The client-server model is used by Selenium. Client-server architecture is a software architectural type that consists of two parts: a client system and a server system that communicate via a computer network or on the same computer.

The method send_keys in the Selenium webdriver in Python can be used to send keyboard input to a textbox on a webpage.

Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is basically a record/run tool for developing Selenium Test Cases. The Selenium IDE is a simple tool from the Selenium Test Suite that can be used by anyone who is new to creating automated test cases for their online applications.

Selenium is a free (open-source) automated testing tool for validating web apps across multiple browsers and platforms.

Jason Huggins was the first to invent selenium in the year 2004. He worked as an engineer at ThoughtWorks on a web application that required frequent testing.

No, Selenium is a web application automation framework, not a desktop application framework. Desktop automation necessitates a particular type of automation tool, one that is specifically intended for desktop automation.

By executing the driver, you may get to the Chrome settings page. clearBrowserData (‘chrome:/settings/clearBrowserData’) To clear the cache, click the Clear Data option. To launch Chrome Developer Tools, right-click on the button and select Inspect.

Simply use the close() method in Selenium to close a browser.

It takes three steps to create a new Firefox profile and use it in an automated script.

• Launch the Profile Manager application.
• Make a new account.
• In Selenium Script, use the created profile.

With the Selenium webdriver, we can get the attribute value of a web element by calling the method getAttribute and passing the attribute name as an argument. An element in HTML code is defined by its properties and values in a key-value pair.

The Selenium webdriver can be used to obtain an element’s CSS class name. The getAttribute() method is used to get the class name attribute of an element in an HTML document. The class value is then supplied to the method as a parameter.

Cookies are saved in a file. The values of each cookie can then be extracted and added to the current browser session from this file. As a result, testers bypass the login procedures in every test case because the information is stored in the driver session. This is why cookie management is required.

• There are several options for dealing with it, one of which is listed below:
• The Method of Absolute XPath
• The whole route from the Root Element to the desired element is used in the Absolute XPath Method. As seen below, an absolute XPath begins with HTML and a single slash (/). You can generate XPaths with firepath (firebug). Absolute XPaths are more prone to regression since even minor DOM changes might render them invalid or lead to the wrong element. Using absolute XPath is not recommended in most cases, but it solves the dynamic element problem.

The user scenario being automated here is: opening a new tab, then returning to the previous window to do the remaining tasks. Selenium assists in handling numerous windows in such instances by using window handlers and javascript executors.

Installing Selenium using pip To install Selenium on Mac using pip, follow the steps below:

• Download and install Python 3 for MacOS.
• Verify that pip3 and python3 are installed appropriately.
• Upgrade your pip to avoid installation issues.
• To use pip3 to install Selenium, type the following command.

To install Java on your Windows PC, follow the steps below:

• First and foremost, get Java from Oracle’s official website.
• Then, under JDK Download, select the version you want to download based on your system, whether it’s a 32-bit or 64-bit version.
• After that, simply run the installer again, and Java will be installed on your computer.

Use the Chrome browser to launch Selenium IDE. Select the Selenium IDE icon from the menu bar. The Selenium–IDE browser is now available.

The driver is the most frequent way for refreshing a page in Selenium. get around (). method of refresh () The recursive ways to refresh a page in Selenium are the get method and navigate methods. The Send Keys method can be used to refresh a page by supplying the F5 key or its corresponding ASCII code as an input.

You must provide a valid URL before recording. When your browser arrives at this URL, the recording begins. Let’s get started by going to the Facebook sign-in page.
When you click “Start Recording,” you’ll be taken to the Facebook page, where you can begin recording user conversations. The user has complete control over when and how long they want to record. Every action taken by a user is logged and transformed into a script.

Selenium Grid is a solution that allows you to run tests in several browsers and settings at the same time. We may use this notion to run several test cases on different devices and platforms at the same time using this concept. In a nutshell, it lets many processes run simultaneously.

The Selenium framework is a collection of code structures for automated testing. In automated testing, we use tools to turn test data into test scripts. The Selenium Framework is used to optimize the code structure for automation testing.

The Selenium Keyword-Driven Framework is a mechanism for automating testing by isolating keywords for a common set of operations and instructions. All of the necessary procedures and instructions are written in a separate file, such as an Excel sheet. Users have complete control over and specification of the functionalities they wish to test.

Parallel testing in Selenium is the process of running the same tests in many settings at the same time. Using a Selenium Grid, the primary goal of running tests in parallel is to reduce the overall time and effort of automated browser testing while ensuring a high-quality product.

No, Selenium is a web application automation framework, not a desktop application framework. Desktop automation necessitates a particular type of automation tool, one that is specifically intended for desktop automation.

Selenium is a piece of software that automates the browsing experience on the internet. It is a webdriver tool that allows for automated testing of web applications by gathering data. It creates a user-friendly application program interface (API) to capture data and determine how the product should operate. outline of a heart

While creating a Selenium framework, it is vital to consider the following points:

• Selecting a Programming Language: Languages such as Java, C#, Ruby, Python, and others are available. Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD) could also be utilized to complete small or short-term projects.
• Selecting a Unit Test Framework: One must choose a unit test framework that will serve as the foundation, such as TestNG, which is a well-known unit test framework. It removes the majority of the constraints of standard frameworks and allows developers to write more flexible and powerful tests.
• Architecting the Framework: This includes creating the “Selenium Core” component as well as the “Selenium Test” component.
• Selecting a Reporting Mechanism: A good reporting mechanism helps turn test results into inputs that can be used to take prompt corrective action.
• Choosing how to build, version control, and apply CI/CD includes the framework’s build tool and dependency management. Collaboration and source-code exchange should be the focus of the automation. Use well-known CI solutions such as Jenkins, Bamboo, TFS, and others.
• Using Additional Tools to Integrate the Framework: Use other tools to integrate the framework, such as AutoIT, TestRail, and Jira, to mention a few.

Using the Selenium webdriver and the TestNG test suite, we can execute many test scenarios. To run many test cases at the same time, we must enable parallel execution in TestNG. The TestNG xml file directs the execution of TestNG. The attributes parallel and thread-count must be used to trigger parallel execution.

Selenium frameworks that are low-code or no-code can be used to implement test automation. These enable business testers to automate some of their day-to-day tasks.
Selenium can automate in a variety of programming languages, such as Java, JavaScript, C#, Python, and others.

Selenium is a well-known web application test automation framework.

Selenium is a simple framework for testing web applications.
Selenium is a collection of software tools that allow test automation in a variety of ways.

Learning Selenium is not difficult, but it does necessitate discipline and a strategic road map in order to master it quickly. To study Selenium automated testing, one needs concentrate on four areas: Java, Selenium Webdriver, TestNg, and Frameworks.

WebDriver and Selenium IDE (SIDE) are both free to use.

SELENIUM is an open-source (free) automated testing framework for validating web applications across many browsers and platforms. Selenium Test Scripts can be written in a variety of programming languages, such as Java, C#, and Python.
Selenium is a web browser testing tool that allows you to automate your tests. Selenium WebDriver works with a wide range of browsers, including Chrome, Mozilla, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer, and allows you to easily automate browser testing across all of them. On your computer screen, you can observe real-time automated tests being run.

There are no licensing costs with Selenium because it is an open-source automation tool, which is a significant advantage over competing technologies. Despite the fact that it is an open-source technology with no official support, some of the greatest minds are behind its success, making the selenium community robust and expanding.