Maternal and Child Health Flashcards

What are the danger signs during pregnancy that require immediate medical attention?

Answer: Vaginal bleeding, severe headache with visual changes, sudden swelling, decreased fetal movement, and fluid leaking from the vagina

Danger signs requiring immediate attention: vaginal bleeding (placenta previa/abruption), severe headache with visual disturbances (preeclampsia), sudden edema especially in face (preeclampsia), decreased fetal movement, and rupture of membranes (infection risk).

What is the APGAR score used for in newborn assessment?

Answer: Rapid assessment of newborn condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, evaluating 5 criteria

APGAR assesses: Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex response), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration (breathing). Each scored 0-2, total 0-10. Assessed at 1 and 5 minutes. Score 7-10 is normal; below 7 needs intervention.

What is the correct position for breastfeeding to prevent complications?

Answer: Baby's body aligned (ear, shoulder, hip in line), facing the breast, with a wide latch covering the areola

Correct breastfeeding position: baby's body aligned (ear-shoulder-hip), tummy to tummy with mother, nose at nipple level, wide mouth latch covering most of the areola (not just nipple), lower lip flanged out, and no clicking sounds during feeding.

What is the normal fetal heart rate range during labor monitoring?

Answer: 110-160 bpm

Normal fetal heart rate (FHR) during labor is 110-160 bpm. Tachycardia (>160) may indicate fever, infection, or fetal distress. Bradycardia (<110) may indicate cord compression or fetal hypoxia. Late decelerations suggest uteroplacental insufficiency.

What is the recommended immunization schedule for newborns in Saudi Arabia?

Answer: Hepatitis B vaccine at birth, BCG within the first month, followed by the Saudi MOH recommended schedule

Saudi Arabia's immunization schedule begins at birth with Hepatitis B vaccine, BCG (tuberculosis) within the first month, followed by scheduled vaccines at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 18 months including DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV13, Rotavirus, MMR, and Varicella.

What nursing assessments are critical during the postpartum period?

Answer: Fundal height and firmness, lochia assessment, vital signs, perineal care, emotional well-being, and bonding with infant

Postpartum nursing assessments (BUBBLEHE): Breasts (engorgement, latch), Uterus (fundal height, firmness), Bladder (voiding), Bowels (function), Lochia (color, amount, clots), Hemorrhage assessment, Emotional status, and Homans' sign (DVT screening).