Community and Public Health Nursing Flashcards

A community health nurse identifies a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Saudi women. Which population-level intervention is most cost-effective?

Answer: Food fortification programs (fortifying dairy and staple foods with vitamin D)

Food fortification (adding vitamin D to dairy products, wheat flour, or cooking oil) is the most cost-effective population-level strategy, as it reaches large populations without requiring individual action. Supplementation is effective but less scalable for whole populations.

The public health nurse is interpreting a sensitivity of 95% for a screening test. What does this mean?

Answer: 95% of people with the disease will test positive (true positive rate)

Sensitivity = true positives / (true positives + false negatives). A sensitivity of 95% means the test correctly identifies 95% of people who truly have the disease. High sensitivity = low false negative rate, making it good for ruling out disease (negative result = unlikely to have disease).

A school nurse is implementing a program to prevent teen pregnancy in a Saudi secondary school. Which approach is most culturally appropriate and effective?

Answer: Comprehensive reproductive health education aligned with Saudi cultural and religious values, involving family

Effective health education in Saudi Arabia must be culturally and religiously contextual. Programs that involve family, align with Islamic values, and address reproductive health within appropriate cultural frameworks are more accepted and effective than direct adoption of Western models.

The nurse is conducting a windshield survey of a community. What is a windshield survey?

Answer: An observational assessment of community characteristics conducted by driving through the community

A windshield survey is an observational community assessment tool where the nurse systematically observes community characteristics (housing, businesses, transportation, green spaces, safety, demographics) while driving or walking through the area. It provides qualitative community data.

A community nurse is addressing food insecurity in a refugee population. Which Healthy Cities approach best addresses this determinant?

Answer: Partnering with local food banks and establishing community gardens

The Healthy Cities/WHO approach addresses social determinants through intersectoral collaboration and structural interventions. Partnering with food banks and establishing community gardens provides direct access to food — addressing the structural barrier rather than just educating about choices the population cannot afford.

Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention activity for non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention in the Saudi community?

Answer: School programs promoting physical activity and healthy diet to prevent obesity

Primary prevention prevents disease before it occurs by reducing risk factors. School programs that build healthy habits (physical activity, healthy eating) prevent obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Early detection is secondary prevention; cardiac rehab and statins are tertiary.