Pharmacology Flashcards
7 cards from real SAUDI PROMETRIC NURSING practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Pharmacology flashcards as text
A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which food should the nurse instruct the patient to keep at a consistent intake level?
Answer: Vitamin K-rich leafy greens
Vitamin K directly antagonizes warfarin's anticoagulant effect, so consistent (not zero) intake prevents INR fluctuations.
Which adverse effect is most associated with long-term use of corticosteroids?
Answer: Osteoporosis
Long-term corticosteroid use inhibits bone formation and increases bone resorption, leading to osteoporosis.
A nurse administers IV vancomycin too rapidly and the patient develops flushing, erythema, and hypotension. This reaction is called:
Answer: Red man syndrome
Red man syndrome is caused by rapid vancomycin infusion triggering histamine release, producing flushing, erythema, and hypotension.
Which opioid analgesic is considered safest in patients with renal failure?
Answer: Fentanyl
Fentanyl is preferred in renal failure because its metabolites are not renally excreted and do not accumulate.
A patient taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) reports eating aged cheese. The nurse should monitor for:
Answer: Hypertensive crisis
Tyramine in aged cheese cannot be metabolized when MAO is inhibited, causing a dangerous surge in catecholamines and hypertensive crisis.
Which class of diuretics can cause hyperuricemia and is therefore used cautiously in patients with gout?
Answer: Loop diuretics
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) compete with uric acid for renal tubular secretion, reducing uric acid excretion and raising serum uric acid.
The nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously. Which technique is correct?
Answer: Inject into the abdomen at least 5 cm from the umbilicus
Heparin SC is best injected in the abdomen ≥5 cm from the umbilicus; aspiration and massage increase bruising and bleeding risk.
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