SAT Logical Reasoning & Argument Analysis 2

Question 1

An author writes: 'Since the new policy was introduced, crime fell. Therefore the policy caused the drop.' What flaw does this contain?

Accepted Answer

Confusing correlation with causation

Answer

Assuming one event caused another simply because it preceded it is a correlation-causation flaw.

Question 2

Which choice best identifies the unstated assumption in: 'He must be wealthy because he drives an expensive car'?

Accepted Answer

Only wealthy people drive expensive cars

Answer

The argument depends on the assumption that owning an expensive car implies wealth.

Question 3

A passage claims a study proves coffee improves memory, but the study had only five participants. Which response most weakens the claim?

Accepted Answer

The sample is too small to generalize

Answer

A tiny sample undermines the reliability of broad conclusions.

Question 4

Which statement is a counterexample to the claim 'All birds can fly'?

Accepted Answer

Penguins are birds that cannot fly

Answer

A flightless bird like a penguin directly disproves the universal claim.

Question 5

An argument concludes a town should ban skateboards because 'skateboards are dangerous.' What additional premise is most needed?

Accepted Answer

Dangerous activities should be banned

Answer

The conclusion only follows if dangerous things ought to be banned.

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