Cyber-Physical Systems Flashcards
7 cards from real SACA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cyber-Physical Systems flashcards as text
Which design principle helps CPS maintain safe operation even when one or more components fail?
Answer: Fail-safe design with graceful degradation
Fail-safe design with graceful degradation ensures a CPS moves to a safe, reduced-functionality state rather than failing catastrophically.
In the NIST CPS Framework, which domain focuses on trustworthiness properties such as safety, security, privacy, and reliability?
Answer: Trustworthiness domain
The NIST CPS Framework's trustworthiness domain explicitly addresses safety, security, privacy, reliability, and resilience as cross-cutting concerns.
What is 'sensor fusion' and why is it valuable in CPS?
Answer: Combining data from multiple sensors to produce more accurate and reliable information than any single sensor provides
Sensor fusion merges inputs from multiple sensors to compensate for individual limitations and deliver higher-accuracy system state estimates.
An autonomous vehicle CPS receives conflicting signals from its LIDAR and camera sensors. What control strategy should BEST resolve this?
Answer: Use a predefined arbitration algorithm that weights sensor confidence and applies sensor fusion
A confidence-weighted sensor fusion and arbitration algorithm resolves conflicts systematically while maintaining safe operation.
What is the significance of 'latency' in feedback control loops within CPS?
Answer: Excessive latency can cause instability or unsafe behavior because control actions arrive too late to correct deviations
In closed-loop CPS control, delays beyond the system's tolerance can cause oscillation, instability, or failure to correct unsafe conditions in time.
Which of the following BEST describes 'edge computing' in a CPS context?
Answer: Processing data close to the physical devices to reduce latency and bandwidth usage
Edge computing processes data near the source—on gateways or local servers—enabling real-time CPS responses without cloud round-trip delays.
In IEC 62443, what is the purpose of defining 'Security Levels' (SL) for industrial CPS?
Answer: To categorize the robustness of security countermeasures required based on the consequence and likelihood of attack
IEC 62443 Security Levels define the required strength of security measures based on the risk profile—higher consequences demand higher security levels.