RVT Vascular Pathology and Aneurysms 5

Question 1

Following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), which type of endoleak involves retrograde flow from aortic branch vessels (IMA or lumbar arteries) into the aneurysm sac?

Accepted Answer

Type II endoleak

Answer

Type II endoleaks result from retrograde filling of the sac through collateral vessels such as the inferior mesenteric artery or lumbar arteries.

Question 2

A renal artery aneurysm is most likely to require intervention based on which criterion?

Accepted Answer

Diameter > 2 cm, or any size in women of childbearing age or with hypertension

Answer

Renal artery aneurysms > 2 cm or any size in women of childbearing potential (rupture risk during pregnancy) are generally treated.

Question 3

In aortic dissection, which ultrasound finding distinguishes the true lumen from the false lumen?

Accepted Answer

The false lumen is typically larger with slower flow and may contain spontaneous echo contrast or thrombus

Answer

The false lumen is often larger, has lower velocity swirling flow, may show spontaneous echo contrast (smoke), and may be partially thrombosed.

Question 4

Which duplex finding is most consistent with impending rupture or rapid expansion of an AAA?

Accepted Answer

New periaortic hypoechoic halo or retroperitoneal fluid collection

Answer

A periaortic hypoechoic halo or retroperitoneal fluid suggests contained rupture or active leaking, requiring emergency evaluation.

Question 5

Which pathological process is the primary cause of most infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis with inflammatory degradation of the media and adventitia

Answer

Atherosclerosis combined with inflammatory mediators (MMPs, T-cells) causes degradation of medial elastin and collagen, leading to infrarenal AAA.

(RVT) Registered Vascular Technologist Practice Test

(RVT) Registered Vascular Technologist Practice Test

RVT Vascular Pathology and Aneurysms 5