RPSGT Sleep Disorders & Pathophysiology Flashcards

Which sleep disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep?

Answer: Obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea is defined by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep, causing apneas and hypopneas despite continued respiratory effort.

What is the minimum AHI threshold for diagnosing moderate obstructive sleep apnea per AASM criteria?

Answer: 15 events/hour

Moderate OSA is defined as an AHI of 15–29 events per hour per AASM classification guidelines.

Narcolepsy type 1 is distinguished from narcolepsy type 2 primarily by the presence of:

Answer: Cataplexy

Narcolepsy type 1 is defined by cataplexy and/or low CSF hypocretin-1 levels, which are absent in narcolepsy type 2.

Which condition is characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, typically worse at rest and in the evening?

Answer: Restless legs syndrome

Restless legs syndrome features an uncomfortable sensorimotor urge to move the legs that worsens at rest and is relieved by movement.

Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing is most commonly associated with which underlying condition?

Answer: Congestive heart failure

Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing is most commonly seen in patients with congestive heart failure due to impaired ventilatory control.

What polysomnographic finding is pathognomonic for REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?

Answer: REM sleep without atonia

RBD is diagnosed by PSG demonstrating loss of normal REM atonia (REM sleep without atonia) along with abnormal motor behaviors during REM.