RNC-NIC Infection Control 5

Question 1

A NICU nurse notes that a neonate who was improving has developed recurrent temperature instability, abdominal distension, and bloody stools. The infant is on broad-spectrum antibiotics for EOS. What is the MOST likely complication?

Accepted Answer

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) developing despite antibiotic therapy

Answer

Recurrent deterioration with abdominal distension and bloody stools in a preterm neonate should raise immediate concern for NEC, which can develop independently of antibiotic therapy.

Question 2

When transporting a neonate in Contact Precautions to radiology, what is the CORRECT procedure?

Accepted Answer

Ensure the neonate is covered with a clean sheet or blanket and notify receiving area in advance

Answer

Covering the neonate and pre-notifying the receiving area allows staff there to prepare appropriate precautions, preventing transmission along the transport route and at the destination.

Question 3

A nurse washes their hands with soap and water for 20 seconds after caring for a neonate with suspected Clostridioides difficile infection. Why is soap and water preferred over alcohol-based hand rub for this pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol-based hand rubs do not effectively remove C. difficile spores, which require mechanical removal with soap and water

Answer

C. difficile forms spores that are not killed by alcohol; soap and water mechanically removes spores from the hands, making it the only effective hand hygiene method for this pathogen.

Question 4

Which neonatal population has the HIGHEST risk for developing invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease in the late-onset form (7-89 days of life)?

Accepted Answer

Preterm neonates born before 34 weeks, particularly those with prior hospitalization

Answer

Late-onset GBS disproportionately affects preterm neonates due to immature immune function, reduced maternal antibody transfer, and prolonged NICU exposure with potential nosocomial acquisition.

Question 5

A NICU nurse is setting up a breast milk feeding for a neonate. The pumped human milk label shows it was pumped 5 days ago and stored in the NICU refrigerator. What action should the nurse take?

Accepted Answer

Discard the milk as it exceeds the recommended 4-day refrigerated storage limit and obtain a fresh supply

Answer

CDC and HMBANA guidelines recommend discarding refrigerated expressed breast milk after 4 days in the NICU setting; the milk should not be frozen after refrigerator storage limit is exceeded.

(RNC-NIC) Registered Nurse Certified in Neonatal Intensive Care Practice Test

(RNC-NIC) Registered Nurse Certified in Neonatal Intensive Care Practice Test

RNC-NIC Infection Control 5