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Congenital Anomalies Flashcards

7 cards from real RNC-NIC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Congenital Anomalies flashcards as text

  1. A neonate is born with VACTERL association. Which component of this association poses the MOST immediate threat to survival?

    Answer: Cardiac defects

    Cardiac defects in VACTERL association (occurring in ~75% of cases) pose the most immediate life-threatening risk and require urgent evaluation.

  2. When caring for a neonate with an imperforate anus, which finding indicates a LOW lesion (below the levator ani) with the BEST prognosis for continence?

    Answer: Anal dimple present with meconium visible at the perineum within 24 hours

    A visible anal dimple and perineal meconium within 24 hours indicate a low lesion, which has better sphincter preservation and continence outcomes.

  3. A neonate with a myelomeningocele at the L3-L4 level. Which functional deficit should the nurse anticipate?

    Answer: Flaccid paralysis of the lower extremities with bladder and bowel dysfunction

    L3-L4 lesions affect motor and sensory function below that level, causing lower extremity paralysis and neurogenic bladder and bowel.

  4. A nurse is preparing to care for a neonate immediately post-op repair of myelomeningocele. Which position is CONTRAINDICATED?

    Answer: Supine with the operative site directly against the bed surface

    Supine positioning places direct pressure on the surgical repair site and is contraindicated; prone or side-lying positions protect the wound.

  5. Which PRENATAL finding on ultrasonography is MOST suggestive of an open neural tube defect?

    Answer: Lemon sign (frontal bossing) and banana sign (curved cerebellum)

    The lemon sign (scalloped frontal bones) and banana sign (effaced cerebellum pulled into the foramen magnum) are hallmark ultrasound findings of open spina bifida.

  6. A neonate is born with bilateral renal agenesis (Potter sequence). Which physical finding results directly from severe oligohydramnios?

    Answer: Pulmonary hypoplasia causing respiratory failure at birth

    Oligohydramnios from absent fetal urine production restricts lung development, causing lethal pulmonary hypoplasia as the primary cause of death.

  7. A neonate with ambiguous genitalia has a 46,XX karyotype and elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone. Which condition does this MOST likely represent?

    Answer: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency)

    Elevated 17-OHP in a 46,XX infant confirms 21-hydroxylase deficiency CAH, causing androgen excess and virilization of female external genitalia.