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Congenital Anomalies Flashcards

7 cards from real RNC-NIC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A neonate is born with omphalocele. Which associated anomaly must the nurse prioritize assessing for immediately after birth?

    Answer: Congenital heart defects

    Omphalocele is strongly associated with cardiac defects, occurring in up to 30-50% of cases, requiring urgent cardiac evaluation.

  2. A neonate with gastroschisis is being stabilized. Which intervention is the HIGHEST priority to prevent complications?

    Answer: Cover bowel with warm saline-moistened gauze and plastic wrap

    Covering the exposed bowel with warm saline gauze and plastic wrap prevents heat and fluid loss, the most immediate life-threatening concerns.

  3. Which finding BEST distinguishes gastroschisis from omphalocele on physical examination?

    Answer: Gastroschisis has no peritoneal sac covering the herniated organs

    Gastroschisis involves herniation of abdominal contents without a peritoneal sac, while omphalocele is covered by a sac.

  4. A neonate diagnosed with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) type C (EA with distal TEF) is at highest risk for which complication prior to surgical repair?

    Answer: Aspiration pneumonia from gastric contents refluxing into the lungs

    In type C TEF, the distal fistula allows gastric acid to reflux into the lungs, causing aspiration pneumonia if not managed promptly.

  5. A nurse caring for a neonate with myelomeningocele notes latex beads in the supply room. What is the priority action?

    Answer: Remove all latex products and implement latex-free precautions immediately

    Neonates with myelomeningocele are at high risk for latex allergy sensitization and must have latex-free environments from birth.

  6. Which embryologic mechanism explains the development of a diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)?

    Answer: Failure of the pleuroperitoneal folds to close completely by 8-10 weeks gestation

    CDH results from failure of the pleuroperitoneal folds to fuse by 8-10 weeks, allowing abdominal organs to herniate into the chest.

  7. A neonate with a known CDH is intubated at birth. Which ventilator strategy is most appropriate to prevent secondary lung injury?

    Answer: Permissive hypercapnia with low peak inspiratory pressures

    Gentle ventilation with permissive hypercapnia (PaCO2 45-60 mmHg) protects the hypoplastic lungs from barotrauma.