RN Physiological Adaptation

Question 1

A patient presents with Kussmaul respirations, fruity breath odor, and blood glucose of 520 mg/dL. Which condition does the nurse suspect?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

Answer

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 2

Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with prolonged vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypernatremia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Question 3

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a serum potassium of 6.8 mEq/L. The nurse's priority intervention is to:

Accepted Answer

Prepare for cardiac monitoring

Answer

Administer oral potassium supplements

Answer

Encourage increased dietary potassium

Answer

Administer a potassium-sparing diuretic

Question 4

A patient post-thyroidectomy develops tingling around the mouth and muscle cramps. The nurse should check which lab value first?

Accepted Answer

Serum calcium

Answer

Serum sodium

Answer

Serum potassium

Answer

Serum glucose

Question 5

Which assessment finding indicates successful treatment of fluid volume deficit in a dehydrated patient?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg with moist mucous membranes

Answer

Urine output of 15 mL/hour

Answer

Heart rate of 110 bpm

Answer

Urine specific gravity of 1.030

Question 6

A nurse caring for a patient in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury expects which finding?

Accepted Answer

Elevated BUN and creatinine

Answer

Urine output greater than 400 mL/day

Answer

Decreased serum potassium

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis