RH Anatomy, Physiology & Pathophysiology 3

Question 1

Which structure in the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating balance and fine motor movements?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

The cerebellum integrates sensory input to fine-tune motor commands and maintain postural balance.

Question 2

An herbal client has chronic low stomach acid (hypochlorhydria). Which physiological consequence is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Impaired absorption of iron and B12

Answer

Adequate gastric acid is required to convert ferric iron to ferrous iron and to release B12 from food proteins for absorption.

Question 3

The hepatic portal vein delivers nutrient-rich blood from the intestines to which organ?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

The portal vein carries absorbed nutrients directly to the liver for processing, detoxification, and storage.

Question 4

In osteoporosis, the ratio of osteoclast to osteoblast activity is:

Accepted Answer

Shifted toward osteoclast dominance, causing net bone loss

Answer

Osteoporosis results from osteoclasts resorbing bone faster than osteoblasts can rebuild it, leading to decreased bone density.

Question 5

Which part of the nephron is the primary site of sodium and water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

Approximately 65–70% of filtered sodium and water is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

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