Registered Dietetic Technician Practice Flashcards

What can help prevent kidney stone formation?

Answer: Limiting animal protein consumption

Limiting animal protein consumption can help prevent kidney stone formation, particularly for individuals prone to calcium oxalate or uric acid stones. Animal proteins increase the excretion of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid in urine, while also decreasing urinary citrate, which inhibits stone formation. Reducing intake helps create a less stone-forming urinary environment, thereby lowering the risk.

Which of the following is found in egg yolks?

Answer: Lutein

Lutein is a carotenoid pigment found abundantly in egg yolks, as well as in leafy green vegetables. It is crucial for eye health, accumulating in the macula and retina where it acts as an antioxidant and filters harmful blue light. This protective role helps reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts, making egg yolks a valuable dietary source.

Which of the following is responsible for low birth weight, failure to thrive in infancy, childhood obesity, and an uncontrolled hunger that lasts throughout life?

Answer: Prader Willi syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by a range of symptoms including low birth weight, failure to thrive in infancy, and a distinctive phase of insatiable hunger (hyperphagia) that leads to childhood obesity and continues throughout life. This uncontrolled hunger stems from a dysfunction in the hypothalamus, which regulates appetite and satiety. The syndrome also involves developmental delays and behavioral challenges.

What exactly does salivary amylase do?

Answer: Breaking of complex carbohydrates

Salivary amylase is an enzyme present in saliva that initiates the chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. Specifically, it breaks down complex carbohydrates, such as starches (polysaccharides), into smaller disaccharides like maltose and dextrins. This enzymatic action begins the process of carbohydrate digestion before food even reaches the stomach, preparing it for further breakdown.

Which of the following patients is most likely to suffer from cachexia?

Answer: All of the above

Cachexia is a complex metabolic wasting syndrome characterized by severe weight loss, muscle atrophy, fatigue, and weakness, often associated with chronic illness. Conditions like cancer, Crohn's disease (a chronic inflammatory bowel disease), and AIDS are all known to induce systemic inflammation and metabolic changes that can lead to cachexia. Therefore, patients with any of these conditions are highly susceptible to developing this debilitating syndrome.

The transport protein for vitamin A is which of the following?

Answer: Transthyretin

Transthyretin, also known as prealbumin, is a primary transport protein for vitamin A (retinol) in the bloodstream, forming a complex with retinol-binding protein (RBP). It also transports a small amount of thyroid hormones. Due to its relatively short half-life, transthyretin levels are often used as an indicator of nutritional status and protein-energy malnutrition, reflecting recent dietary intake.

Which of the following is the purpose of the initial counseling session?

Answer: Building trust

The primary purpose of an initial counseling session, especially in fields like nutrition or therapy, is to establish rapport and build trust with the client. A trusting relationship creates a safe and open environment where the client feels comfortable sharing personal information, concerns, and goals. This foundation of trust is crucial for effective communication and successful outcomes throughout the counseling process.