Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Medical Nutrition Therapy 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the primary dietary modification recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-4?
- Restrict potassium and phosphorus intake (Correct answer)
- Increase protein intake to 1.5 g/kg/day
- Eliminate all carbohydrates
- Increase sodium intake
Correct answer: Restrict potassium and phosphorus intake
In CKD stages 3-4, restricting potassium and phosphorus helps prevent dangerous electrolyte imbalances and slows disease progression.
Question 2: Which dietary pattern is most commonly recommended as first-line medical nutrition therapy for type 2 diabetes?
- High-fat ketogenic diet
- Calorie-controlled diet emphasizing low glycemic index foods (Correct answer)
- High-protein Atkins-style diet
- Raw food vegan diet
Correct answer: Calorie-controlled diet emphasizing low glycemic index foods
A calorie-controlled diet focused on low glycemic index foods helps manage blood glucose and supports weight loss in type 2 diabetes.
Question 3: A patient with celiac disease must strictly avoid which dietary protein?
- Casein
- Gluten (Correct answer)
- Albumin
- Whey
Correct answer: Gluten
Gluten, found in wheat, barley, and rye, triggers an autoimmune reaction that damages the small intestinal villi in celiac disease.
Question 4: What is the recommended daily sodium intake for patients with heart failure?
- Less than 2,000 mg/day (Correct answer)
- Less than 5,000 mg/day
- Less than 500 mg/day
- No restriction is needed
Correct answer: Less than 2,000 mg/day
Sodium restriction to less than 2,000 mg/day reduces fluid retention and decreases cardiac workload in heart failure patients.
Question 5: Which nutrient supplementation is most critical after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery?
- Vitamin C only
- Iron, B12, calcium, and vitamin D (Correct answer)
- Vitamin K only
- Magnesium only
Correct answer: Iron, B12, calcium, and vitamin D
Gastric bypass causes malabsorption that significantly increases deficiency risk for iron, B12, calcium, and vitamin D.
Question 6: What is the recommended dietary intervention for managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
- Increase citrus fruit intake
- Avoid trigger foods and eat smaller, more frequent meals (Correct answer)
- Increase caffeine consumption
- Follow a high-fat diet
Correct answer: Avoid trigger foods and eat smaller, more frequent meals
Avoiding trigger foods such as spicy, fatty, and acidic items while eating smaller meals reduces lower esophageal sphincter pressure and reflux.
Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Medical Nutrition Therapy 1
What is the primary dietary modification recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-4?