Registered Dietetic Technician Test Registered Dietetic Technician Test Nutrition Therapy & Medical Nutrition 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which enteral formula type is most appropriate for a patient with glucose intolerance or diabetes?
- Standard polymeric formula
- Carbohydrate-modified formula (Correct answer)
- High-protein formula
- Elemental formula
Correct answer: Carbohydrate-modified formula
Carbohydrate-modified enteral formulas contain lower carbohydrate content and higher fat to better manage blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.
Question 2: A patient with end-stage renal disease on dialysis requires which dietary modification?
- High potassium, high phosphorus
- Low potassium, low phosphorus (Correct answer)
- High sodium, high fluid
- Unrestricted protein
Correct answer: Low potassium, low phosphorus
Dialysis patients typically need to restrict potassium and phosphorus to prevent dangerous electrolyte imbalances.
Question 3: What is the recommended protein intake (g/kg/day) for a critically ill patient requiring nutrition support?
- 0.4–0.6
- 0.8–1.0
- 1.2–2.0 (Correct answer)
- 2.5–3.0
Correct answer: 1.2–2.0
Critical illness increases catabolism, and guidelines recommend 1.2–2.0 g/kg/day of protein to preserve lean body mass.
Question 4: Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with prolonged parenteral nutrition without supplementation?
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin K (Correct answer)
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin A
Correct answer: Vitamin K
Vitamin K is not routinely included in standard parenteral nutrition admixtures, making deficiency a common concern.
Question 5: Refeeding syndrome is most closely associated with a rapid drop in which electrolyte?
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Phosphorus (Correct answer)
- Magnesium
Correct answer: Phosphorus
When carbohydrates are reintroduced to a malnourished patient, insulin secretion drives phosphorus into cells, causing dangerous hypophosphatemia.
Question 6: A patient with celiac disease must strictly avoid which protein?
- Casein
- Gluten (Correct answer)
- Albumin
- Whey
Correct answer: Gluten
Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
Registered Dietetic Technician Test Registered Dietetic Technician Test Nutrition Therapy & Medical Nutrition 1
Which enteral formula type is most appropriate for a patient with glucose intolerance or diabetes?