Steering and Suspension Flashcards

What is the function of the electronically controlled damping (adaptive suspension) system?

Answer: To continuously vary shock absorber damping rates based on road conditions, vehicle speed, and driver input

Electronically controlled damping systems use solenoid or magnetorheological valves in the shock absorbers to adjust damping force in real time, balancing ride comfort and handling based on driving conditions.

What is the correct procedure for performing a four-wheel alignment?

Answer: Adjust the rear alignment first, then align the front wheels to the rear thrust line

The rear wheels are adjusted first to establish the thrust angle. The front wheels are then aligned to the thrust angle so the vehicle tracks straight. This ensures the steering wheel is centred and the vehicle doesn't dog-track.

What causes a popping or snapping sound when turning the steering wheel at low speed?

Answer: A worn or dry upper strut mount bearing, CV joint, or ball joint

Popping or snapping during low-speed turns commonly comes from a dry or worn upper strut mount bearing binding and releasing, a worn CV joint (especially outer), or a ball joint with play that loads and unloads.

What is the setback angle in wheel alignment?

Answer: The condition where one front wheel is positioned farther back than the other, usually from collision damage

Setback is measured when one front wheel is positioned rearward compared to the other. Minor setback can occur from manufacturing tolerances, but significant setback usually indicates collision damage to the frame or cradle.

What is the function of the inner tie rod socket boot on a rack and pinion steering system?

Answer: To seal the rack housing, keeping lubricant in and contaminants out

The bellows-style boot seals the inner tie rod connection at the rack housing. It retains the lubricating grease and prevents water, dirt, and road salt from entering and damaging the rack's internal components.

What is the purpose of the wheel bearing preload?

Answer: To set a slight load on the bearing to eliminate end play while avoiding excessive friction

Wheel bearing preload is a slight controlled load applied to the bearing through proper tightening procedures. It eliminates end play (axial looseness) that would cause steering wander and noise, while avoiding excess friction that causes heat and failure.