RDN Research and Evidence-Based Practice 2

Question 1

The PICO framework is used in evidence-based dietetics practice primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Formulate a focused, searchable clinical research question

Answer

PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) is a structured framework used to formulate focused clinical questions that guide systematic literature searches and evidence-based decisions.

Question 2

A dietary intervention reduces cardiovascular disease risk from 20% to 15%. The relative risk reduction (RRR) is:

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

RRR = (control event rate − intervention event rate) ÷ control event rate = (20% − 15%) ÷ 20% = 25%.

Question 3

A number needed to treat (NNT) of 10 for a nutrition intervention means:

Accepted Answer

10 patients must receive the treatment for one additional patient to benefit compared to control

Answer

NNT is the number of patients who need to receive a treatment for one additional patient to benefit compared to those receiving the control, and is calculated as 1 ÷ absolute risk reduction.

Question 4

A confounding variable in a nutritional epidemiology study is BEST described as:

Accepted Answer

A variable associated with both the exposure and outcome that can distort the true relationship between them

Answer

A confounder is associated with both the exposure and the outcome; if not controlled for, it can create a spurious or masked association between the exposure and the outcome of interest.

Question 5

Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis in a clinical nutrition trial analyzes data by:

Accepted Answer

Including all randomized participants according to their original group assignment regardless of protocol adherence

Answer

ITT analysis includes all randomized participants in their originally assigned groups regardless of compliance, preserving the benefits of randomization and reflecting real-world effectiveness.

(RDN) Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Practice Test

(RDN) Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Practice Test

RDN Research and Evidence-Based Practice 2