RDN Research and Evidence-Based Practice 2

Question 1

The PICO framework is used in evidence-based dietetics practice primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Formulate a focused, searchable clinical research question

Answer

Assess a patient's nutritional status at admission

Answer

Calculate estimated caloric requirements for hospitalized patients

Answer

Evaluate food service operations and efficiency

Question 2

A dietary intervention reduces cardiovascular disease risk from 20% to 15%. The relative risk reduction (RRR) is:

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

5%

Answer

75%

Answer

15%

Question 3

A number needed to treat (NNT) of 10 for a nutrition intervention means:

Accepted Answer

10 patients must receive the treatment for one additional patient to benefit compared to control

Answer

10 patients must be treated before one adverse event occurs

Answer

The treatment is effective in only 10% of patients

Answer

10 patients dropped out of the study before completion

Question 4

A confounding variable in a nutritional epidemiology study is BEST described as:

Accepted Answer

A variable associated with both the exposure and outcome that can distort the true relationship between them

Answer

The primary outcome variable being measured

Answer

A variable that has no relationship with the exposure or outcome

Answer

The primary independent variable being studied

Question 5

Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis in a clinical nutrition trial analyzes data by:

Accepted Answer

Including all randomized participants according to their original group assignment regardless of protocol adherence

Answer

Including only participants who completed the full study protocol

Answer

Excluding participants who experienced adverse events during the trial

Answer

Including only participants who fully adhered to the assigned dietary intervention

Question 6

A meta-analysis differs from a narrative systematic review primarily because a meta-analysis:

Accepted Answer

Statistically combines quantitative results from multiple studies into a pooled estimate

Answer

Uses only qualitative summaries of evidence

Answer

Requires no systematic literature search protocol

Answer

Includes only observational studies rather than RCTs

Question 7

In the evidence hierarchy used by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which type of evidence is placed at the LOWEST level?

Accepted Answer

Expert opinion, editorials, or anecdotal reports

Answer

Randomized controlled trial

Answer

Systematic review or meta-analysis

Answer

Prospective cohort study